Cosmetology Anatomy Test

Vocabulary flashcards covering human anatomy, including the skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory, lymphatic, digestive, and endocrine systems as presented in the Pivot Point Lab material.

Histology

Also known as microscopic anatomy, it is the study of structures too small to be seen without using a microscope.

Cells

The basic units of living matter (life).

Protoplasm

A gel-like substance containing water, salt and nutrients that cells are composed of.

Nucleus

The control center of cell activities.

Cytoplasm

The part of the cell where most of the activities take place.

Metabolism

The chemical process in which cells receive nutrients for cell growth and reproduction.

Anabolism

The process of building up larger molecules from small ones.

Catabolism

The breaking down of larger molecules or substances into smaller ones to release energy within a cell.

Bone Composition

Bone is composed of $\frac{2}{3}$ mineral matter and $\frac{1}{3}$ organic matter.

Zygomatic (Malar) bones

The two bones that form the upper cheek and bottom of the eye socket.

Lacrimal bones

The smallest two bones of the facial skeleton that form the front part of the inner, bottom wall of the eye socket.

Mandible

The largest bone in the facial skeleton.

Femur

The thigh bone and the longest bone in the body.

Fibula

The outer and narrower of the 2 lower leg bones, extending from the knee to the ankle.

Patella

Another name for the kneecap.

Striated muscles

Muscles that respond to commands regulated by will.

Involuntary (Non-striated) muscles

Muscles that respond automatically to control various body functions.

Cardiac muscle

The muscle of the heart itself and the only muscle of its type in the human body.

Aponeurosis

A tendon that joins the frontalis and occipitalis muscles.

Corrugator

The muscle that controls the eyebrows, drawing them in and downward.

Procerus

The muscle responsible for drawing down the brow and wrinkling the area across the bridge of the nose.

Quadratus labii superioris

Muscle located above the upper lip that raises both the nostrils and the upper lip.

Quadratus labii inferioris

Muscle located below the lower lip that pulls the lower lip down or to the side.

Risorius

Muscle located at the corner of the mouth that draws the mouth up and out, as in grinning.

Caninus

Muscle located above the corners of the mouth that raises the angle of the mouth, as in snarling.

Buccinator

Muscle located between the jaws and cheek responsible for compressing the cheek to release air outwardly, as in blowing.

Platysma

Muscle that draws the lower lip and corner of the mouth sideways and down, as in surprise or fright.

Supinator

The muscle that turns the palm of the hand up.

Pronator

The muscle that runs across the front of the lower part of the radius and the ulna and turns the palm downward and inward.

Flexor muscle

Muscle that bends the wrist and closes the fingers.

Extensor muscle

Muscle that straightens the fingers and wrist.

Abductors

Muscles that separate the fingers.

Adductors

Muscles that draw the fingers together.

Opponens

Muscles in the palm of the hand that cause the thumb to move toward the fingers for grasping or making a fist.

Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

Muscles that assist in swinging the arms and extend across the front of the chest.

Serratus anterior

Muscle located under the arm that helps in lifting the arm and in breathing.

Deltoid

Triangle-shaped muscle that lifts the arm or turns it.

Peroneus longus

Muscle that causes the foot to invert and turn outward.

Abductor hallucis

Muscle that moves the big toe away from the other toes.

Central nervous system

System composed of the brain, spinal cord and spinal and cranial nerves.

Peripheral nervous system

Composed of sensory and motor nerves that extend from the spinal cord and brain to other parts of the body.

Autonomic nervous system

System that operates the digestive, excretory, respiratory, circulatory, endocrine and reproductive systems.

Neuron

Another name for a nerve cell.

Dendrites

Thread-like fibers that extend from the nerve cell and bring information to the cell body.

Efferent (Motor) nerves

Nerves that carry messages from the brain to the muscles.

Reflex action

An interaction with sensory and motor nerves.

Ophthalmic nerve branch

The main nerve branch to the top one-third of the face.

Supraorbital nerve

A division of the ophthalmic branch extending to the skin of the upper eyelid, eyebrow, forehead and scalp.

Facial nerve

The primary motor nerve of the face.

Temporal branch

A branch of the facial nerve extending to the muscles of the temple, forehead, eyebrow, eyelid and upper cheek.

Zygomatic branch

A branch of the facial nerve that extends to the upper part of the cheek.

Buccal branch

A branch of the facial nerve that extends to the muscles of the mouth.

Cervical cutaneous

The nerve that extends into the side of the neck.

Ulnar nerve

Nerve that extends down the little-finger side of the arm into the palm of the hand.

Radial nerve

Nerve that extends down the thumb side of the arm into the back of the hand.

Cardiovascular system

Also called the blood-vascular system; responsible for circulation of blood through the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries.

Veins

Vessels that carry blood containing carbon dioxide from the capillaries back to the heart and lungs.

Capillaries

Small vessels that take nutrients and oxygen from the arteries to the cells and take waste products from the cells to the veins.

Pulmonary circulation

The phase of circulation in which blood is oxygenated in the lungs.

General (Systemic) circulation

The process of blood traveling from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart.

Occipital artery

Supplies blood to the back of the head.

Submental artery

Supplies blood to the chin and lower lip.

Angular artery

Supplies the sides of the nose with blood.

Superior labial

Supplies blood to the upper lip and septum.

Parietal artery

Supplies blood to the crown and sides of the head.

Popliteal artery

Supplies blood to the knee joint and muscles in the thigh and calf.

Dorsalis pedis artery

Supplies blood to the upper surface of the foot.

Lymph-vascular system

Subsystem of the circulatory system responsible for the circulation of lymph and releasing white blood cells to help develop immunity.

Lymph

A colorless liquid produced as a byproduct of plasma that removes toxins as it travels through glands and vessels.

Lymph nodes

Structures that filter bacteria and viruses from lymph fluid; they swell to indicate infection.

Digestive system

System that breaks food down to be easily absorbed by cells or to become waste products.

Excretory system

Responsible for eliminating solid, liquid and gaseous waste products from the body.

Diaphragm

A muscular organ that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen when breathing.

Endocrine system

Composed of specialized glands that regulate growth, health, reproduction, hair growth, skin conditions and energy levels.