Blood and Immune Cells

Blood Composition

Blood is a specialized fluid tissue composed of cells suspended in a fluid matrix, serving functions like transport and immune response.

Plasma

The fluid portion of blood that makes up approximately 55% of blood volume.

Electrolytes

Dissolved ions in blood plasma that regulate pH, osmotic balance, and membrane permeability.

Albumin

A major plasma protein maintaining osmotic balance and pH level in blood.

Immunoglobulins

Proteins essential for immune defense that act as antibodies to neutralize pathogens.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells that transport oxygen throughout the body and facilitate carbon dioxide removal.

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates the production of erythrocytes in response to low oxygen levels.

Platelets

Cell fragments that play a key role in blood clotting by adhering to injury sites and initiating the clotting cascade.

Apolipoproteins

Structural components of lipoproteins that transport lipids, including fats and cholesterol, in the bloodstream.

LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein)

Often referred to as 'bad cholesterol,' carries excess saturated fats and is associated with atherosclerosis.

HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)

Called 'good cholesterol,' it transports beneficial cholesterol back to the liver for recycling.

Antigens

Foreign structures recognized by the immune system, often present on pathogens.

Antibodies

Immunoglobulins produced by B lymphocytes that bind to antigens to aid in their neutralization.

Blood Type Group A

Blood type with A antigens present and Anti-B antibodies in serum.

Blood Type Group B

Blood type with B antigens present and Anti-A antibodies in serum.

Blood Type Group AB

Blood type with both A and B antigens present and no antibodies in serum.

Blood Type Group O

Blood type with no antigens present and both Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies in serum.

Innate Immunity

The first line of defense in the immune system, providing rapid response to pathogens without prior exposure.

B Lymphocytes

White blood cells responsible for producing antibodies specific to foreign antigens.

T Lymphocytes

White blood cells that target and destroy infected or cancerous cells.