ESS: Topic 4 - Water and Aquatic Food Production Systems and Societies

Physical Water Scarcity

Shortage due to local ecological conditions

Economic Water Scarcity

Inadequate water infrastructure

Continental Shelf

Extension of continents under seas and oceans

Benthic

Living on or in

Pelagic

Living surrounde

Keystone species

Species that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem

Maximum Sustainable yield

Amount of fish you can take out without reducing original stock

Bottom trawling

Fishing net pulled along the sea floorq

Gillnets

Walls of netting designed to entangle fish

Longlines

Deploy miles of fishing in the ocean to catch fish

Purse Seines

To capture schooling fish, e.g. tuna, salmon, anchovies

Traps/pots

Catch a variety of fish and shellfish

Bycatch

Fish/animals that are caught by accident and just thrown back, usually mortally wounded

Tragedy of the Commons

Illustrates tension between the common good and the needs of the individual and how they can be in conflict, Assumes humans will always act selfishly

Miracle of the Commons

Belief that humans have deep capacities for sharing resources with generosity and foresight

Biorights

The right endangered species or unique landsacpes have to remain unharmedSe

Sentient

If they have the capacity to experience positive and negative feelings, e.g. ability to play is huge indicator

Citizen Scientist

Normal people who contribute data to an experiment

Anoxia

Near zero dissolved oxygen, death of aquatic life

Hypoxia

Low values of dissolved oxygen, Stress aquatic life

Bioaccumulation

Accumulation in the same organism over time

Biomagnification

Accumulation in organisms higher in the food chain

Water Budget

Quantitative estimate of the amounts of water in storages + flows of the water cycle

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

Measure of the amount of dissolved oxygen required to break down organic material