IB History 2.1

13th Amendment

abolished slavery

14th Amendment

guarantees citizenship, equal protection under the law, and due process for all persons born or naturalized in the United States

15th Amendment

right to vote regardless of race, color, or condition of previous servitude

Great Migration

movement of many rural southern African Americans to northern cities, beginning a transition to urban centers continuing into the 20th century

Peonage

debt slavery. business owners required workers to labor until they paid off a debt. wages so low it would take years-decades to pay off.

Lynching

extra-judicial homicide

Ballot Stuffing

practice of election officials who cast significant numbers of fraudulent ballots to be counted with the intent and result of the preferred candidate winning the election

Poll tax

due at the time of voting and must be paid in order for vote to be cast

Literacy test

when registering to vote, citizens had to read and demonstrate understanding of a passage, often from the state constitution. the interpretation had to receive the approval of the registrar, who was almost always white and understood the unwritten purpose of the test.

Grandfather clause

allows an exception for acts which were previously legal but made illegal. allows those people under a previous set of circumstances to continue, while new persons are subject to the new regulations.