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- "little mountain" (Italian)
- chief building on Jefferson's plantation
- symmetrical interior design
- brick building, stucco applied to trim to give effect of marble
- tall French doors and windows allow circulation in hot Virginia summers
- appears to be one-story building w/ a dome, but balustrade hides second floor
- inspired by Palladian villas in Italy and Roman ruins in France
- octogonal dome
- Jefferson obsessed with saving space in his home: very narrow spiral staircases, beds in alcoves or in walls between rooms
Monticello
- exemplum virtutis
- story of three Roman brothers (the Horatii) who do battle with three other brothers (the Curiatii--not painted) from nearby city; pledge their fidelity to their father and to Rome
- one of three women on right Horatii engaged to one of Curiatii brothers; another is sister of Curiatii brothers
- forms vigorous, powerful, animated, emphatic
- gestures sweeping and unified
- figures pushed to foreground
- neoclassical drapery and tripartite composition
- Caravaggio-like lighting and un-Roman architectural capitals (not Neoclassical in these aspects)
- painted under royal patronage
- created sensation at the Salon of 1785
- stiffness of men contrast with women's curved bodies
The Oath of the Horatii
- dressed as 18th century gentleman
- military associations minimized: epaulettes on should and sword cast to the side
- naturalistic details: missing button on jacket; tightly buttoned vest around protruding stomach
- seen as man of vision and enlightenment
- badge of Cincinnatus on this belt: gentleman-farmer who left Mount Vernon to take up in American cause the way Cincinnatus from Roman Republic left farm to command Roman armies, then returned to farm
- plow behind symbolizes his plantation
- leans on Roman fasces: thirteen rods symbolize thirteen colonies, from which he gets his support
George Washington