To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward
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directional terms
Terms used to explain where one body structure is in relation to another
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anterior
front of the body
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posterior
toward the back
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ventral
Toward the belly
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dorsal
towards the back
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proximal
Closer to the point of attachment
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distal
away from the point of attachment
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superficial
near the surface
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deep
away from the surface
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prone
lying face down
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supine
Lying face up, with palms facing anteriorly
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section
to cut
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plane
body being divided by an imaginary flat plate
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sagittal
divides body into left and right
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midsagittal
the plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves
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frontal plane
Divides the body into front and back portions.
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transverse
Divides body into upper and lower parts
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dorsal body cavities
cranial cavity and spinal cavity
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ventral body cavities
thoracic, abdominal, pelvic cavity
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cranial cavity
brain
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Spinal cavity
spinal cord
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thoracic cavity
contains heart and lungs
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mediastinum cavity
midportion of the thoracic cavity containing the heart, trachea, esophagus, major arteries
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pleural cavities
contain the lungs
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abdominal cavity
Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs
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pelvic cavity
Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
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abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
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diaphragm
Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing
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abdominopelvic quadrants
right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant
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9 abdominopelvic regions
R. hypochondriac — Epigastric — L. hypochondriac;
R. lumbar — Umbilical — L. lumbar;
R. inguinal — Hypogastric — L. inguinal
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axial
head, neck, trunk
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appendicular
upper and lower limbs
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abdominal region
abdomen
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antebrachial
forearm
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axillary
armpit
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brachial
upper arm
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buccal
cheek
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carpal
wrist
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cephalic
head
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cervical
neck
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cranial
skull
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crural
leg
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cubital
elbow
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cutaneous
pertaining to the skin
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digital
fingers or toes
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dorsal
back
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facial
face
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frontal
forehead
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nasal
nose
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oral
mouth
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orbital
eye
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zygomatic
cheek bone
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femoral
thigh
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gluteal
buttock
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inguinal
groin
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lumbar
lower back
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mammary
breast
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occipital
back of head
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olecranal
back of elbow
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palmar
palm of hand
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pedal
foot
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pelvic
pelvis
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perineal
region between the anus and external genitalia
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plantar
sole of foot
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popliteal
back of knee
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supraclavicular
Area above clavicle
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tarsal
ankle
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temporal
Side of skull
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thoracic
chest
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umbilical
navel, belly button
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volar
palm or sole
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metabolism
using energy to perform vital functions for growth, movement, reproduction which is required to maintain life
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catabolism
complex substance broken down into simpler compounds
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Anabolism
simple compounds being manufactured into complex substances (synthesis)
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homeostasis
relative constancy of the internal environment
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feedback loop
Occurs when an output of matter, energy, or information is fed back into the system as an input and leads to changes in that system.
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sensor
A device that responds to a physical stimulus (as heat, light, sound, pressure, magnetism, or a particular motion) and transmits a resulting impulse (as for measurement or operating a control).
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control center
processes the signal and sends instructions
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effector
an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus.
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negative feedback loop
A feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by returning to its original state, or by decreasing the rate at which the change is occurring.
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positive feedback loop
a feedback loop in which change in a system is amplified and increasing productivity