Spanish Verb Tenses, Stem-Changing, and Preterite Conjugations

When do you use the present tense in Spanish?

Habits, current actions, general truths

Fill in the blank: Siempre ___ (viajar) en verano.

viajo

Which forms do NOT stem-change?

Nosotros and vosotros

What is the yo form of tener (present)?

tengo

What is the tú form of poder (present)?

puedes

Why is podemos NOT stem-changed?

Because stem changes do not occur in nosotros/vosotros

Choose ser or estar: Ella ___ nerviosa.

está

Choose ser or estar: Ellos ___ turistas.

son

What is the yo form of ir (present)?

voy

What type of verb is jugar?

Stem-changing (u → ue)

Conjugate querer (nosotros, present).

queremos

Identify the mistake: Dormimos → duermimos

Incorrect, nosotros does NOT stem-change → correct: dormimos

What is a GO verb?

Verb ending in -go in yo form (e.g., tengo, hago)

Give two GO verbs.

tener → tengo, hacer → hago

What is the yo form of hacer (present)?

hago

Fill in: Yo ___ la casa. (limpiar)

limpio

Translate: I travel a lot.

Viajo mucho

What is the yo form of ver (present)?

veo

Which vowel change occurs in volver?

o → ue

What is the meaning of a menudo?

often

Fill in: Yo ___ fotos. (sacar)

saco

What is the present tense ending for -ER, tú?

-es

Translate: We cook at home.

Cocinamos en casa

Identify the tense: Voy al aeropuerto.

Present

What is a common mistake with stem-changers?

Changing nosotros/vosotros forms

When do you use preterite?

Completed past actions, specific times

Identify the tense: Ayer viajé a España.

Preterite

What is the meaning of pudo?

Managed to

Conjugate tener (yo, preterite)

tuve

Conjugate estar (yo, preterite)

estuve

Why are there no accents in irregular preterites?

They don't follow regular patterns

What is the yo form of ir (preterite)?

fui

How can you tell if fui = went or was?

Context

Conjugate hacer (yo, preterite)

hice

Conjugate venir (yo, preterite)

vine

Conjugate decir (yo, preterite)

dije

Conjugate ver (yo, preterite)

vi

Conjugate dar (yo, preterite)

di

Identify the error: Tené

Incorrect accent → correct: tuve

Which verbs stem-change in preterite?

-IR verbs only

In which forms does stem-change occur?

él/ella/usted and ellos/ellas/ustedes

Conjugate dormir (él, preterite)

durmió

Conjugate pedir (ellos, preterite)

pidieron

Why is there no stem-change in nosotros?

Stem-change only occurs in él/ellos forms

What is the spelling change for CAR verbs?

c → qu

Conjugate buscar (yo, preterite)

busqué

What is the spelling change for GAR verbs?

g → gu

Conjugate pagar (yo, preterite)

pagué

What is the spelling change for ZAR verbs?

z → c

Conjugate empezar (yo, preterite)

empecé

What is the preterite of querer (yo)?

quise

What is the preterite of saber (yo)?

supe

What is the preterite of poder (él)?

pudo

What is the preterite of traer (yo)?

traje

What is the preterite of poner (yo)?

puse

Where do affirmative tú commands come from?

Él/ella form of present tense

What is the affirmative tú command of hablar?

habla

What is the affirmative tú command of comer?

come

What is the affirmative tú command of vivir?

vive

Name 4 irregular affirmative tú commands.

ven, di, haz, ten, pon, sal, ve, sé

Why is no habla incorrect?

Negative tú commands use subjunctive → no hables

What is the negative tú command of vivir?

no vivas

What is the Ud. command of hablar?

hable

What is the Uds. command of comer?

coman

Where do pronouns go with affirmative commands?

attached

Where do pronouns go with negative commands?

before the verb

How do you attach pronouns: decir + me + lo?

dímelo

Fix the error: no digasme

no me lo digas

Translate: Don't buy it.

No lo compres

What happens to le/les with commands?

se

Translate: Tell it to me.

Dímelo

Translate: Don't tell it to me.

No me lo digas

Where do pronouns go with two verbs?

Before first OR attached to second

What is the placement of pronouns in present progressive?

Before estar OR attached to participle

What is a common command mistake?

Using indicative instead of subjunctive

What does a direct object answer?

What or whom

What does an indirect object answer?

To whom / for whom

List the direct object pronouns.

me, te, lo, la, nos, os, los, las

List the indirect object pronouns.

me, te, le, nos, os, les

Replace: Compro el boleto.

Lo compro

Replace: Doy el boleto a ella.

Le doy el boleto

Why does le change to se?

When combined with a direct object lo/la/los/las

Replace both: Le doy el boleto.

Se lo doy

What is the pronoun order?

Indirect → Direct

What is the pronoun placement with one verb?

Before the verb

What is the placement with two verbs?

Before first or attached to second

What is the placement with present progressive?

Before estar or attached

Translate: I am buying it.

Lo estoy comprando / Estoy comprándolo

Translate: I want to buy it.

Quiero comprarlo / Lo quiero comprar

Fix: lo le doy

se lo doy

Translate: Buy it.

Cómpralo

What is a common pronoun exam trap?

Confusing le/lo, placement in middle

Which pronoun replaces las maletas?

las

Give an example of indirect + direct pronoun together.

Se lo doy

What is the subjunctive?

Mood expressing uncertainty, emotion, influence

Is subjunctive a tense or mood?

Mood

When is subjunctive used?

Will/influence, emotion, doubt/denial

How do you form subjunctive?

Yo form → drop -o → opposite endings

What are the subjunctive -AR endings?

e, es, e, emos, éis, en

What are the subjunctive -ER/-IR endings?

a, as, a, amos, áis, an