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RNA viruses.
a. Generally single-stranded
b. Mostly are enveloped and helical
c. Replicate in the cytoplasm
d. a and b
e. b and c
f. All
f. All
Only RNA virus that is double-stranded.
a. Reovirus
b. Calicivirus
c. Picornavirus
d. a and b
e. b and c
f. All
a. Reovirus
Naked RNA viruses.
a. Reovirus
b. Calicivirus
c. Picornavirus
d. a and b
e. b and c
f. All
f. All
RNA Virus.
I. PICORNAVIRUS
II. REOVIRUS
III. CALICIVIRUS
IV. ARBOVIRUS
V. RODENT-BORNE VIRUS
VI. ORTHOMYXOVIRUS
VII. PARAMYXOVIRUS
VIII. CORONAVIRUS
IX. RHABDOVIRUS
X. RETROVIRUS
a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X
b. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII
c. III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X
d. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII
e. IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X
a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X
PICORNAVIRUS main pathogenic families.
a. Enterovirus
b. Rhinovirus
c. Both
d. None
c. Both
Enteroviruses.
a. Transient inhabitants of human alimentary tract and maybe isolated from throat or lower intestines
b. Primarily infects the enteric tract and diffuses into different body parts
c. Optimally grown at 37°C and stable under acid conditions
d. a and b
e. b and c
f. All
f. All
Enteroviruses.
I. Poliovirus
II. Coxsackie virus
III. Echovirus
a. I, II, III
b. I, II
c. I, III
d. II, III
a. I, II, III
Causes "poliomyelitis" aka Polio which is a lower limb irreversible damage and enters the mouth, multiplies in the oropharynx or intestines initially affects the Peyer's patches of the intestines, then it diffuses to the motor neurons of the lower limbs.
a. Poliovirus
b. Coxsackie virus
c. Echovirus
a. Poliovirus
Febrile illness.
a. Mild poliomyelitis
b. Nonparalytic poliomyelitis
c. Paralytic poliomyelitis
a. Mild poliomyelitis
Aseptic meningitis.
a. Mild poliomyelitis
b. Nonparalytic poliomyelitis
c. Paralytic poliomyelitis
b. Nonparalytic poliomyelitis
Flaccid paralysis.
a. Mild poliomyelitis
b. Nonparalytic poliomyelitis
c. Paralytic poliomyelitis
c. Paralytic poliomyelitis - affecting the lower limb
Prophylaxis for Poliovirus:
A formalized vaccine containing the virus grown in monkey kidney cultures; a killed vaccine that induces humoral immunity but not local intestinal immunity.
a. Salk vaccine
b. Sabin vaccine
a. Salk vaccine
Prophylaxis for Poliovirus:
A live attenuated virus grown in primary monkey or human diploid cell culture; produces IgM and IgG in the blood and in the intestines which provides resistance to reinfection.
a. Salk vaccine
b. Sabin vaccine
b. Sabin vaccine
First isolated in New York and subdivided into Group A, Group B, Group C.
a. Poliovirus
b. Coxsackie virus
c. Echovirus
b. Coxsackie virus
Causes herpangina and hand, foot, and mouth disease (A16)
a. Group A Coxsackie Virus
b. Group B Coxsackie virus
c. Group C Coxsackie virus
a. Group A Coxsackie Virus
A severe febrile vesicular pharyngitis; characterized by an abrupt fever and sore throat with discrete vesicles on the palate, pharynx, tonsils, and tongue.
a. Herpangina
b. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (A16)
a. Herpangina
Oral and pharyngeal ulcerations and a vesicular rash of the palms and soles that may spread to the arms and legs.
a. Herpangina
b. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (A16)
b. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (A16)
Causes aseptic meningitis, myocarditis, pericarditis, and generalized disease of infants.
a. Group A Coxsackie Virus
b. Group B Coxsackie virus
c. Group C Coxsackie virus
b. Group B Coxsackie virus
Causes pleurodynia or "Bornholm disease" or "Epidermic myalgia" or "Devils grip" characterized by fever and stabbing chest pain lasting for 2 days to 2 weeks.
a. Group A Coxsackie Virus
b. Group B Coxsackie virus
c. Group C Coxsackie virus
b. Group B Coxsackie virus
Enterocytopathogenic Orphan Viruses
a. Poliovirus
b. Coxsackie virus
c. Echovirus
c. Echovirus
Infect the human enteric tract and can be recovered from humans only by inoculation of certain tissue cultures.
a. Poliovirus
b. Coxsackie virus
c. Echovirus
c. Echovirus
Causes acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis and meningitis, encephalitis, paralysis resembling poliomyelitis and hand-foot-and-mouth disease.
a. Poliovirus
b. Coxsackie virus
c. Echovirus
c. Echovirus
Specific echovirus causing acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis.
a. Enterovirus 70
b. Enterovirus 71
a. Enterovirus 70
Specific echovirus causing meningitis, encephalitis, paralysis resembling poliomyelitis and hand-foot-and-mouth disease.
a. Enterovirus 70
b. Enterovirus 71
b. Enterovirus 71
Enterovirus 72 which causes infectious hepatitis through fecal route transmission and is mostly associated with street food.
a. Hepa A Virus
b. Hepa B Virus
c. Hepa C Virus
d. Hepa D Virus
a. Hepa A Virus
True about Rhinoviruses except:
a. Common cold virus
b. Usually isolated in nasal secretions but may also be found in the throat and oral secretions.
c. Grows better at 33°C, acid-labile and readily mutates.
d. Transmitted through contaminated fingers
e. None
e. None
Respiratory, enteric, and orphan virus.
a. PICORNAVIRUS
b. REOVIRUS
c. CALICIVIRUS
d. ARBOVIRUS
e. RODENT-BORNE VIRUS
b. REOVIRUS
True about REOVIRUSES.
a. It was isolated from respiratory and enteric tracts
b. Not associated with any disease.
c. The only double stranded RNA virus
d. a and b
e. b and c
f. All
f. All
REOVIRUSES.
I. Rotavirus
II. Orbivirus
III. Coltivirus
a. I, II, III
b. I, II
c. I, III
d. II, III
a. I, II, III
It is the most common cause of infantile gastroenteritis and transmitted by the fecal-oral route, where it infects and damages the cells that line the small intestine.
a. Rotavirus
b. Orbivirus
c. Coltivirus
a. Rotavirus
For rotavirus infection, supportive treatment and oral vaccines are appropriate.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Commonly infects insects and can be transmitted to vertebrates with no serious human disease causing only mild fevers.
a. Rotavirus
b. Orbivirus
c. Coltivirus
b. Orbivirus
Bluetongue virus of sheep and African horse sickness virus.
a. Rotavirus
b. Orbivirus
c. Coltivirus
b. Orbivirus
Colorado Tick Fever Virus
a. Rotavirus
b. Orbivirus
c. Coltivirus
c. Coltivirus
1) Causes Colorado tick fever/mountain fever or tick fever characterized by fever, headache, retroorbital pain and severe myalgia.
2) Transmitted by wood tick Dermacentor andersoni among small rodents of the Rocky Mountains like chipmunks and squirrels.
a. Rotavirus
b. Orbivirus
c. Coltivirus
c. Coltivirus
CALICIVIRUSES
a. Naked
b. Icosahedral symmetry
c. (+) single-stranded RNA
d. a and b
e. b and c
f. All
f. All
CALICIVIRUSES
I. Norovirus: Norwalk virus
II. Sapovirus: Sapporo-like virus
III. Nebovirus: Bovine enteric virus
IV. Lagovirus: Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus
V. Vesivirus: Vesicular exanthem virus
a. I, II, III, IV, V
b. I, II, III, IV
c. II, III, IV, V
d. I, II, III
e. III, IV, V
a. I, II, III, IV, V
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus.
a. Norovirus
b. Sapovirus
c. Nebovirus
d. Lagovirus
e. Vesivirus
d. Lagovirus
Associated with "winter vomiting disease".
a. Norwalk virus
b. Sapporo-like virus
c. Bovine enteric virus
d. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus
e. Vesicular exanthem virus
a. Norwalk virus
Most common cause of adult viral gastroenteritis.
a. Norwalk virus
b. Sapporo-like virus
c. Bovine enteric virus
d. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus
e. Vesicular exanthem virus
a. Norwalk virus
Norwalk virus
a. It was named from an outbreak in Norwalk Elementary School in Ohio in 1969
b. Causes outbreaks of gastroenteritis usually in settings such as schools, camps, cruise ships and similar confined populations
c. Associated with "winter vomiting disease"
d. a and b
e. b and c
f. All
f. All
Arthropod-borne viruses.
a. PICORNAVIRUS
b. REOVIRUS
c. CALICIVIRUS
d. ARBOVIRUS
e. RODENT-BORNE VIRUS
d. ARBOVIRUS
Disease categories of ARBOVIRUS.
a. Fever with or without rash
b. Encephalitis
c. Hemorrhagic fevers
d. a and b
e. b and c
f. All
f. All
ARBOVIRUS.
I. Equine Encephalitis Virus
II. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
III. West Nile Fever Virus
IV. Japanese B Encephalitis Virus
V. Chikungunya Virus
VI. Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus
VII. Yellow Fever Virus
VIII. Dengue Virus
IX. California Encephalitis Virus
X. Sandfly Virus
XI. Riff Valley Virus
a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI
b. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX
c. III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI
d. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII
e. IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI
f. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII
a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI
Causes "encephalitis" in US and Canada and has East and West variants.
a. Equine Encephalitis Virus
b. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
c. West Nile Fever Virus
d. Japanese B Encephalitis Virus
e. Chikungunya Virus
f. Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus
a. Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEV)
East EEV is transmitted by
a. Culiseta mosquito
b. Culex mosquito
a. Culiseta mosquito
Western EEV is transmitted by
a. Culiseta mosquito
b. Culex mosquito
b. Culex mosquito
Causes "epidemic encephalitis" of humans in North America and reservoirs are wild birds, English Sparrows.
a. Equine Encephalitis Virus
b. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
c. West Nile Fever Virus
d. Japanese B Encephalitis Virus
e. Chikungunya Virus
f. Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus
b. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
St. Louis Encephalitis Virus is transmitted by
a. Culiseta mosquito
b. Culex mosquito
b. Culex mosquito
It occurs in Europe, Middle East, Africa, former Soviet Union, Southwest Asia and is now the leading cause of arboviral encephalitis in US.
a. Equine Encephalitis Virus
b. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
c. West Nile Fever Virus
d. Japanese B Encephalitis Virus
e. Chikungunya Virus
f. Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus
c. West Nile Fever Virus
Transmitted from person-to-person through organ transplantation, blood transfusion, in utero and by breastfeeding.
a. Equine Encephalitis Virus
b. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
c. West Nile Fever Virus
d. Japanese B Encephalitis Virus
e. Chikungunya Virus
f. Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus
c. West Nile Fever Virus
Leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia (China, Japan, Korea and Indian subcontinent) and affects children and elderly adults.
a. Equine Encephalitis Virus
b. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
c. West Nile Fever Virus
d. Japanese B Encephalitis Virus
e. Chikungunya Virus
f. Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus
d. Japanese B Encephalitis Virus
A mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes an infection that resembles dengue fever except it include severe joint pain.
a. Equine Encephalitis Virus
b. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
c. West Nile Fever Virus
d. Japanese B Encephalitis Virus
e. Chikungunya Virus
f. Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus
e. Chikungunya Virus
A flavivirus that is an important cause of encephalitis in Europe, Russia, and northern China and transmitted by exposure to the ticks Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes ricinus.
a. Equine Encephalitis Virus
b. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
c. West Nile Fever Virus
d. Japanese B Encephalitis Virus
e. Chikungunya Virus
f. Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus
f. Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus
Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus is transmitted by:
a. Ixodes persulcatus
b. Ixodes ricinus
c. Both
d. None
c. Both
Causes yellow fever characterized by jaundice and fever with two severe life-threatening forms.
a. Yellow Fever Virus
b. Dengue Virus
c. California Encephalitis Virus
d. Sandfly Virus
e. Riff Valley Virus
a. Yellow Fever Virus
Yellow Fever Virus Forms:
Disease of humans, transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito.
a. Jungle Yellow Fever
b. Urban Yellow Fever
b. Urban Yellow Fever
Yellow Fever Virus Forms:
Disease of monkeys, transmitted by arboreal mosquitoes (Haemagogus, Aedes)
a. Jungle Yellow Fever
b. Urban Yellow Fever
a. Jungle Yellow Fever
Causes dengue fever or " Dengue Break Bone/Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever" characterized by influenza-like syndrome, severe muscle and joint pains, nausea and vomiting, eye pain and rash.
a. Yellow Fever Virus
b. Dengue Virus
c. California Encephalitis Virus
d. Sandfly Virus
e. Riff Valley Virus
b. Dengue Virus
Causes Break Bone Hemorrhagic Fever.
a. Yellow Fever Virus
b. Dengue Virus
c. California Encephalitis Virus
d. Sandfly Virus
e. Riff Valley Virus
b. Dengue Virus
Dengue virus has how many serotypes?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
d. 4
Can be used as treatment for dengue.
a. Grammatophylum scriptum
b. Quiscalis indica
c. Peperomia pellucida
d. Blumea balsamifer
a. Grammatophylum scriptum - Tawa tawa
Dengue Virus.
a. Associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome which is a severe disease with 10% fatality and characterized by thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage, and septic shock.
b. Common reservoirs are humans and transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.
c. Both
d. None
c. Both
“La Crosse Virus” which is a major cause of encephalitis and aseptic meningitis in children. It is transmitted by woodland mosquitoes primarily Aedes triseriatus and vertebrate hosts are squirrels, chipmunks, and rabbits.
a. Yellow Fever Virus
b. Dengue Virus
c. California Encephalitis Virus
d. Sandfly Virus
e. Riff Valley Virus
c. California Encephalitis Virus
California Encephalitis Virus is transmitted by
a. Aedes aegypti
b. Aedes albopictus
c. Aedes triseriatus
d. a and b
e. b and c
f. All
c. Aedes triseriatus
A phlebovirus that causes Phlebotomous fever and transmitted by Phlebotomus papatasii.
a. Yellow Fever Virus
b. Dengue Virus
c. California Encephalitis Virus
d. Sandfly Virus
e. Riff Valley Virus
d. Sandfly Virus
A bunyavirus, a mosquito-borne zoonotic virus pathogen for domestic livestock with the primary vector and reservoir being the Aedes mosquitoes and transmitted by contact with infected animal blood and body fluids and by mosquito bite.
a. Yellow Fever Virus
b. Dengue Virus
c. California Encephalitis Virus
d. Sandfly Virus
e. Riff Valley Virus
e. Riff Valley Virus - causes "Riff valley fever"
Picornavirus Hepa.
a. Hepa A Virus
b. Hepa B Virus
c. Hepa C Virus
d. Hepa D Virus
e. Hepa E Virus
a. Hepa A Virus
Hepadnavirus.
a. Hepa A Virus
b. Hepa B Virus
c. Hepa C Virus
d. Hepa D Virus
e. Hepa E Virus
b. Hepa B Virus
Flaviviridae hepa.
a. Hepa A Virus
b. Hepa B Virus
c. Hepa C Virus
d. Hepa D Virus
e. Hepa E Virus
c. Hepa C Virus
Delta agent co-infection with hepadnavirus.
a. Hepa A Virus
b. Hepa B Virus
c. Hepa C Virus
d. Hepa D Virus
e. Hepa E Virus
d. Hepa D Virus
Caliciviridae hepa.
a. Hepa A Virus
b. Hepa B Virus
c. Hepa C Virus
d. Hepa D Virus
e. Hepa E Virus
e. Hepa E Virus
Hepa virus transmitted through fecal-oral route.
I. Hepa A Virus
II. Hepa B Virus
III. Hepa C Virus
IV. Hepa D Virus
V. Hepa E Virus
a. I, II, III
b. II, III, IV
c. I, V
d. I, II, IV
c. I, V
Hepa virus transmitted through blood transfusion, sexual contact, and childbirth.
I. Hepa A Virus
II. Hepa B Virus
III. Hepa C Virus
IV. Hepa D Virus
V. Hepa E Virus
a. I, II, III
b. II, III, IV
c. I, V
d. I, II, IV
b. II, III, IV
Hepa virus without chronic infection.
I. Hepa A Virus
II. Hepa B Virus
III. Hepa C Virus
IV. Hepa D Virus
V. Hepa E Virus
a. I, II, III
b. II, III, IV
c. I, V
d. I, II, IV
c. I, V
Hepavirus that can lead to chronic infection.
I. Hepa A Virus
II. Hepa B Virus
III. Hepa C Virus
IV. Hepa D Virus
V. Hepa E Virus
a. I, II, III
b. II, III, IV
c. I, V
d. I, II, IV
b. II, III, IV
Hepavirus with vaccine.
I. Hepa A Virus
II. Hepa B Virus
III. Hepa C Virus
IV. Hepa D Virus
V. Hepa E Virus
a. I, II, III
b. II, III, IV
c. I, V
d. I, II, IV
d. I, II, IV
