Foundations of the Civil Rights Movement (8.6)

What promises were made to Black Americans after the Civil War?

• Amendments securing voting rights

• Equal protection under the law

How were the promises to Black Americans suppressed?

• Jim Crow Laws

• Poll Taxes

• Literacy Tests

• Plessy V. Ferguson

Which president was an early civil rights supporter?

President Truman

Executive Order 9981

• President Truman

• 1948

• Banned Segregation in armed forces

• Enforced 1950 after start of Korean War

The Committee on Civil Rights

• Created by Truman

• 1946

• Suggested changes according to reality

Committee on Civil Rights Suggestions

• Armed forces desegregation

• Abolishment of poll taxes

• Federal protection from lynching

24th Amendment

• 1962

• Abolished poll tax

Brown V. Board of Education

• 1954

• Overturned Plessy

• Separate was inherently unequal

• “All deliberate speed” integration

Southern Manifesto

• Argued that Supreme Court overstepped power in Brown case

State resistance to Brown

• Some schools closed instead of integration

Orville Fabus

• Arkansas Governor

• Used national guard to prevent integration (1956)

Little Rock Nine

• Stopped by Fabus

• Eisenhower sends federal troops to protect them