Chemistry First Quarter G11

Organic Chemistry

Study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of CARBON-HYDROGEN containing compounds

Inorganic Chemistry

Properties and behavior of inorganic compounds, which include metals, minerals, and organometallic compounds

Inorganic Compound

Compound that lacks hydrogen bonds

Analytical Chemistry

Obtaining, processing, and communicating information about the composition and structure of matter
- What matter is and how much of it exists

Physical Chemistry

Focuses on the physical properties of atoms and molecules

Way chemical reactions work and what these properties reveal

Biochemistry

Chemical processes related to living organisms

Laboratory-based science combining biology and chemistry

Chemistry

Branch of science dealing with the indentification of the substance of which matter is composed

Atom

Smallest unit of an element

Fundamental Building block of matter

Protons

Positive charge in nucleus

Neutrons

Neutral charge of an atom, in the nucleus

Electrons

Orbits around the nucleus, negatively charged

Molecule

Two or more atoms bonded together

Element

Substance made of one type of atom

Compound

Substance made of 2+ types of atoms

Cation

Positively charged Ion

Anion

Negatively Charged Ion

Ion

Molecule with net charge due to loss or gain of an electron

Astrochemistry

Studies chemicals and molecules that exist in outer space, including that in stars, suns, and solar systems

Chemical Engineering

Production and manufacturing of products through chemical processes, including designing equipment, systems, and processes for refining raw materials for mixing, compounding, and processing chemicals

Environmental Chemistry

Sustainability, conservation, and protection of natural resources

Food Chemistry

Deals with biochemical natura of food, its properties, and how they are processed in the body

Geochemistry

Distribution and amounts of chemical elements and their behavior on Earth and related planets

Green Chemistry

Design of chemical products that reduce/eliminate use of hazardous substances

Nanochemistry

Chem+Nanoscience; synthesis of materials of nanoscale, applicable to architecture

Nuclear Chemistry

Physical and chemical properties of elements which has changes in structure of their nucleus

Photochemistry

Chemical reactions by radiation, particularly photons ; formation of fragments, etc., by overcoming activation barriers in matter

Polymer Chemistry

Development of the reaction of polymerization and depolymerization

polymerization

monomers (small repeating units) are combined to form a polymer

Depolymerization

Polymer is broken down into its constituent monomers

Solid-State Chemistry

• Uniform physical phase, unit cell parameter vary with composition

• Free energy is function of composition and temperature of the system

• AKA Materials Chemistry

• In Layman’s terms, the study of solid materials (atom arrangement)

• Explains “Why diamonds are hard, etc.”

Electrochemistry

Relationship between electrical energy and chemical changes

Spectrochemistry

Chemical analysis of substances by means of spectra of light they absorb/emit

How matters interacts with electromagnetic radiation

Clinical Chemistry

biochemical analysis of BODY FLUIDS in support of the diagnosis and treatment of disease

Agricultural Chemistry

agricultural field application

Forensic Chemistry

Solving crimes

Stereochemistry

Spatial arrangements of atoms

Medical Chemistry

Clinical Research techniques to synthesis of PHARMACEUTICALS

Chemeia

Chemistry is derived from this word, it means case or pour together

Chemistry

Science of matter at the atomic to molecular level

Al-kimia

Chemistry began as alchemy, the art of transformation, what is the old term for it?

Materials Science

• relationship between atomic and molecular state/structure of a material

• properties of material and how it can be better improved for a certain application

Theoretical Chemistry

• Structures of atoms and molecules and how they interact using mathematical methods

Computational Chemistry

• The movements and reactions of atoms and molecules are simulated in a computer

• Assist in solving complex chemical problems

Combinatorial Cemistry

• Uses chemical synthetic methods that make it possible to prepare a large number of compounds in a single process

Industrial Chemistry

• Process of transforming matter or raw materials into products that are useful for humanity

Bioinorganic Chemistry

• Studies structures and functions of biological inorganic substances

• Does not contain certain carbons like metals and minerals

Physical Properties

Can be measured without changing composition

Chemical properties

Potential to undergo chemical change or reaction

Brittleness

Ability to break into pieces

Diffusion

Ability to spread from higher and lower concentration

Albedo

Amount of sunlight reflected by a surface

Density

Floating, mass over volume

Viscosity

Resistance of a fluid to change in shape or volume, resistance to deformation by stress

Volume

Amount of space something occupies

Corrosivity

Ability to damage or destroy other substances when they come into contact

Impenetrability

Inability of two bodies of matter to occupy the same space at the same time

Surface Tension

The property of a surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesion of its molecules

Capillarity

Tendency of a liquid in a capillary tube or absorbent material to rise or fall as a result of surface tension

Diffusion

Motion of molecules from high concentration to an area of low concentration

Miscibility

Property of two substances to mix in all proportions to form a solution

Solubility

Ability of compounds to dissolve in a solvent

Ductility

Ability to be drawn or pulled into a wire, degree to which a material under tensile stress can deform before failure

Malleability

Ability to be formed into sheets, material’s ability to deform without failure under compressive stress

Opacity

Measure of impenetrability to electromagnetic or other kinds of radiation

high opacity = opaque

Luster

The way light interact with the surface of a crystal, material, or rock

Hardness

How resistant solid matter is to external force

Electrical Conductivity

Ability to conduct electricity

Elasticity

Tendency of a material to return to its original shape

Efficacy

Ability to produce an effect