Introduction to Englang concepts

Spontaneity ( in context to human speech )

Humans converse without the need for stimulation or reward as an end goal

Displacement ( in context to human speech)

Humans can talk about things that aren't in their immediate vicinity, both physical and temporal

Why is displacement unable to be observed in other animals?

Other animals are "stimulus bound". They talk about nothing but things in their present things that they can see or a stimulated by

Reflexivity ( in context to human speech )

Humans have an ability to analyse reflect think and talk about language itself

What are the two common kinds of modes?

Spoken and written

What is field?

The content or subject in matter

What is text type?

A label that linguist used to categorise different forms of text e.g. academic writing, public documents, personal exchanges

What is tenor?

The relationship between participants in exchanges ( affected of how well participants know each other and their purpose for participation )

What are influences to tenor?

Social status or hierarchy, professional roles, personal relationships, social distance

What is an audience?

Who are the languages directed towards

What is cultural context?

The extralinguistic circumstances that will influence language use, including values, attitudes and beliefs of the speaker, writer and/or audience

What is the acronym linked to cultural context?

BAV beliefs, attitudes, values

What are beliefs?

What does___ believe to be true?

What are attitudes?

Positive or negative opinions about?

What are values?

What is important to ___?

What is situational context?

What is the acronym associated with situational context?

MS - FiTTA mode, setting, field, text type, tenner, audience

What are the six functions of language?

Metalinguistic, cognitive, poetic, referential, emotive, phatic

What is the acronym associated with the functions of language?

MC - PREP

What is metalinguistic function? Give an example

Talk about language itself

e.g. " what does phatic mean? "

What is cognitive function? Give an example

Engages the addressee

e.g. " sit down! "

What is poetic function? Give an example

Use of language aesthetically

e.g. " to be, or not to be "

What is referential function? Give an example

Conveys information

e.g. Statements like " the train is leaving at 6 am. "

What is emotive function? Give an example

Conveys feelings

e.g. interjection like " yuck! " - shows disgust

What is phatic function? Give an example

Establishes/maintains a social connection

e.g. greets like " how are you? "

What is purpose?

The reason a text is created

e.g. to inform, to educate

What is register?

The style of language adopted by the speaker/writer to suit their purpose a.k.a. the level of formality

What are the five main registers that exist?

Highly informal, somewhat informal, mixed register, somewhat formal, highly formal

What are the six main subsystems of language in unit one English language?

Phonetics and phonology, morphology, lax psychology, syntax, discourse and pragmatics, semantics

What is phonetics and phonology?

The study and classifications of speech sound

The study of using sounds systematically to express meaning

What is morphology?

The study of the structure of words and how they are formed

What is lexicology?

The study of words

What is syntax?

The study of how words are combined into sentences

What is discourse and pragmatics?

The study of how written and spoken text of two or more sentences are organised

The study of how the meaning of language is related to the context that is used in

What is semantics?

The study of the meaning in language

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