Chapter 13 Principles of Management

adjourning

One of five stages of forming a team; the stage in which members of an organization prepare for disbandment

collaboration

Act of sharing information and coordinating efforts to achieve a collective outcome

conflict

process in which one party perceives that its interest are being opposed or negatively affected by another party.

cross-functional teams

A team that is staffed with specialists pursuing a common objective 

devil’s advocacy

role-playing criticism to test whether a proposal is workable

dialectic method

role-playing two sides of a proposal to test whether it is workable

dysfunctional conflict

conflict that hinders the organization’s performance or threatens its interests 

formal group

a group assigned by organizations or its managers to accomplish specific goals 

forming

The first of the five stages of forming a team, in which people get oriented and get acquainted. 

functional conflict

conflict that benefits the main purposes of the organization and serves its interests

group

two or more freely interacting individuals who share collective norms, share collective goals, and have a common identity. See also teams

group cohesiveness

a “we feeling” that binds group members together

informal group 

A group formed by people whose overriding purpose is getting together for friendship or a common interest

maintenance role

relationship-related role consisting of behavior that fosters constructive relationships among team members

norm of reciprocity

A powerful social norm by which we feel obligated to return favors or assistance after people have provided favors or assistance to us.

norming

One of five stages of forming a team; stage three, in which conflicts are resolved, lose relationships develop, and unity and harmony emerge. 

norms

General guidelines or rules of behavior that most group or team members follow 

performing

The fourth of five stages of forming a team, in which members concentrate on solving problems and completing the assigned task 

personality conflict

Interpersonal opposition based on personal dislike, disagreement, or differing styles. 

programmed conflict

Conflict designed to elicit different opinions without inciting people’s personal feelings

punctuated equilibrium 

establishes periods of stable functioning until an event causes a dramatic change in norms, roles, and/or objectives resulting in the establishment and maintenance of new norms of functioning, returning to equilibrium. 

roles

socially determined expectations of how individuals should behave in a specific position.

self-managed teams

groups of workers who are given administrative oversight for their tasks domain. 

social loafing

A phenomenon in which a team member puts forth less effort in the team than they would if they were working alone. 

storming

The second of five stages of forming a team in which individual personalities, roles, and conflict within the group emerge. 

task role

Behavior that concentrates on getting the team’s task done

team

a small group of people working together with a common purpose, performance goals, and mutual accountability. 

team charter

outlines how a team will manage teamwork activities

team composition

reflects the collection of jobs, personalities, values, knowledge, experience, and skills of team members.

team design

involves choosing the best type of team to accomplish a goal.

team development

The process of assembling individuals in a team, getting acquainted with each other, and working to achieve a common goal

team management processes

the actions, feelings, and thoughts that influence team members interactions and the team’s effectiveness 

team member interdependence

The extent to which team members rely on common task-related team inputs, such as resources, information, goals, and rewards, and the amount of interpersonal interactions needed to complete the work. 

team reflexivity

A collective process by which members reflect on the team’s objectives, strategies, methods, and processes and adapt accordingly. 

team viability

Team member’s satisfaction with and desire to remain a member in the team. 

team voice

The extent to which team members feel free to express opinions, concerns, proposals, or thoughts about work-related issues. 

trust

Reciprocal faith in other’s intention and behaviors

virtual teams

a team composed of members in different geographic locations who use technology to work together and achieve common goals.