Pediatric first exam

neonates

birth - 28 days

infants

1 month to 12 months

cephalocaudal

head to toe progression

Proximodistal

center of the body outward

Gross motor skills

head control, rolling, sitting, crawling, standing

fine motor skills

grasp, reach, transfer objects, pincer grasp, place objects into containers

cognitive skills

piagets sensorimotor learning, exploration, cause and effect, and object permanence

psychosocial

Erikson’s trust vs mistrust; attachment and consistency of care are central

Language/hearing

startle/localize sound, babbling, responding to name, meaningful words

2-4 months

improved head control; begins holding objects

4-6 months

rolls both directions; reaches for objects, may hold a bottle

6-8 months

sits unsupported by about 8 months; transfers objects

8-10 months

crawls/creeps, pulls to stand, develops pincer grasp

10-12 months

may stand alone, sits down from standing, paces objects into containers

psychosocial and cognitive development

Piaget

birth - 2 years

stranger fear commonly begins around 6 months and peaks around

8-9 months

safe sleep for babies

alone, back, crib

what is the max volume you can give to and neonate in one injection site

0.5mL

when feeding an infant/neonate do not give them

honey or cow’s milk before 1 year

when doing assessments on babies, you should start with the

least invasive, then finish with the most invasive.

this helps you get through the least invasive parts easily without disrupting the baby as much