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Alliteration
The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of a word
Anaphora
The repetition of a word or word group at the beginning of successive sentences, clauses, paragraphs, or poetic lines
Apostrophe
Figure of speech in which a thing, an abstract quality, or an absent or imaginary person is addressed as if present and able to understand
Assonance
The repetition of a vowel sound within words.
Caesura
A pause placed in the middle of a line for effect.
Consonance
The repetition of consonant sounds within and at the end of words.
Enjambment
The continuation of the sense and grammatical construction of a line of poetry onto the next line or of a couplet or stanza into the succeeding couplet or stanza
Extended metaphor
A metaphor that compares two unlike things in various ways throughout a paragraph, a stanza, or an entire selection.
Free verse
Poetry that has no fixed pattern of meter, rhyme, length, or stanza arrangement.
Heroic couplet
Two consecutive lines of rhyming iambic pentameter.
Hyperbole
exaggerated statements
imagery
Words or phrases that create pictures, or images, in the reader’s mind.
lyric poetry
Poetry that expresses a speaker's personal thoughts and feelings
metaphor
An implied comparison.
meter
The repetition of a regular rhythmic unit in a line of poetry. Meter emphasizes the musical quality of the language and often relates directly to the subject matter of the poem.
Iamb
unstressed, stressed
anapest
unstressed, unstressed, stressed.
trochee
stressed, unstressed
dactyl
stressed, unstressed, unstressed
mood
The emotional quality of a literary work.
onomatopoeia
Refers to the use of echoic words whose pronunciations suggest their specific meanings.
rhyme
sound of accented vowels and all succeeding sounds are identical
masculine rhyme
Only final accented syllables rhyme. (pursue/renew)
feminine/double rhyme
Rhyme occurs in two or three consecutive syllables, the first of which is stressed. (remember/December; waken/shaken)
end rhyme
Rhyme comes at end of line.
internal rhyme
Rhyme occurs within a line. ("The splendor falls on castle walls")
off/slant/near rhyme
The sounds are closely related but not identical. (fear/care)
simile
A comparison between two unlike things using “like” or “as.”
stanza
A group of lines forming a unit in a poem.
symbol
Any person, animal, place, object, or event that exists on a literal level within a work but also represents something on a figurative level.
synesthesia
description of a sense impression in terms of another sense
tone
The attitude that a writer takes toward his or her subject.
sonnet
A verse form consisting of 14 lines in iambic pentameter with rhyme arranged according to a fixed scheme, usually divided either into an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines) or into three quatrains and a couplet
