CHEM 241 JMU Functional Groups

R= carbon substitute

Amine

functional group -NH₂, -NHR, or NR₂ where R is a hydrocarbon that contains a nitrogen atom bonded to hydrogen and/or carbon atoms. Amines can act as bases and are derived from ammonia

Alkene

unsaturated fats that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

Carboxylic Acid

Organic compounds containing a carboxyl group (-COOH) that are known for their acidic properties.

Alkyl Halide

A compound containing a carbon atom bonded to a halogen atom, such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine

Ketone

A type of organic compound characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two hydrocarbon groups. Ketones are commonly used as solvents and in the production of various chemicals.

Aldehyde

Aldehydes are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (C=O) with at least one hydrogen atom attached to the carbon atom, typically located at the end of a carbon chain.

Ester

A compound formed from an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, characterized by a carbonyl group (5C=O) adjacent to an ether link (R-O-R').

Thiol

carbon connects to a sulfur atom and a hydrogen atom, forming the functional group -SH. Thiols are known for their strong odors and are often found in biological molecules.

Alkyne

Unsaturated with at least one C≡C triple bond

Alcohol

contain carbon bonded to the hydroxyl group -OH

Ether

R-O-R are oxygen atoms flanked by two bonds to carbon

Aromatic (Benzene ring)

six-membered rings containing 3 double bonds

Sulfide

<span>R-S-R where sulfur is bonded to two carbon atoms</span>

Amide

<span>R-C(=O)NR'R'' where R, R', and R'' are carbon or hydrogen atoms</span>

Acyl Halide

A class of reactive organic compounds derived from carboxylic acids, where the hydroxyl group is replaced by a halogen.

Anhydride

A functional group formed when two acyl groups are joined by an oxygen atom, often resulting from the condensation of two carboxylic acids.