DNA Structure and Function in Genetics

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13 Terms

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DNA

Self-replicating molecule regulating cellular activity.

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Transformation

Process discovered by Griffith in bacteria.

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Oswald Avery

Proved DNA causes transformation in bacteria.

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Hershey-Chase Experiment

Confirmed genetic material is DNA in 1953.

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Watson and Crick

Discovered DNA's double-helix structure in 1953.

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Gene

Nitrogen base section controlling protein synthesis.

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Directional Molecule

DNA replicates from 5' to 3' carbon direction.

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Antiparallel Helices

Each DNA helix runs in opposite directions.

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Histones

Proteins around which DNA coils to form chromosomes.

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Nucleosomes

Bead-like structures formed by DNA and histones.

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Chromatin

30 nm diameter fibers formed from nucleosomes.

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Chromosome

Thickened structure formed from coiled chromatin.

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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Technique to rapidly copy DNA segments.