Health Science Theory Mid-Term Final Exam Review

Angiogram

An x-ray photograph of blood or lymph vessels

Endoscopy

The use of illuminated optical instrument to visualize the interior of the body and its organs

Barium

A mixture that is swallowed to permit radiological examination of the stomach or intestines

Malignant

Cancerous cells, also called a tumor, able to grow into surrounding tissue, spread to other parts of the body and destroy normal cells.

Radiography

An examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of x-ray

Oblique

shoot an x-ray from an angle

Benign

means not cancerous

Contrast Material

A substance used to enhance the visibility of structures or fluids within the body in medical imaging.

Pacemaker

An electrical device that maintains a normal health rhythm by stimulating the heart muscle

Biopsy

Excision of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination

Greenstick Fracture

a type of incomplete bone fracture that occurs when a bone bends and breaks on one side but remains intact on the other.

Simple or Closed fracture

A simple fracture is another name for a closed fracture, which is a break in a bone that does not break the skin

Compound or open fracture

referring to a broken bone that pierces the skin

Impacted fracture

a type of broken bone that occurs when pressure is applied to both ends of a bone, causing it to split into two fragments that jam together

Comminuted Fracture

a type of bone fracture where the bone breaks into multiple pieces (more than two)

Spiral Fracture

a type of bone fracture where the bone breaks in a twisting or spiral pattern

Depressed Fracture

a break in the skull bone that pushes inward toward the brain

Colles Fracture

a break in the radius bone of the forearm that occurs close to the wrist.

Closed Reduction

a procedure to set (reduce) a broken bone without surgery.

Open Reduction

a surgical procedure used to treat bone fractures or dislocations where the bones are displaced or out of place

Dislocation

displacement of a bone of a joint

Pathologist

specialist in the study of disease

Pulmonary

Pertaining to the lungs

AP

Anterior Posterior/ X ray shot from the front (anterior) to the back (posterior)

PA

Taken from back to front

Ba E

Barium enema/ Use in radiologic exam of colon

CT/CAT

Computurized Tomography/ A medical imaging technique that uses X-rays to create 3d pictures of the inside of the body

CXR

Chest x-ray/ test used to diagnose a disease or injury in the thorax

fx:

fracture/ any break in the bone

IVP

Intravenous Pyelogram/ An iodine based dye is injected into a vein and it travels to the urinary tract to act as a control medium

LAT

Lateral/ Taken from side

MRI

Magnetic Resonance Imaging/ Uses a magnetic field and computer generated radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues in your body.

PET

Position Emission Tomography/ This exam evaluates tissue and organ function by pinpointing molecular activity and identifying cellular changes. Commonly used to detect cancer

UGI

Upper GI series/ Images the esophagus, stomach, ad deodenum (first part of the small intestine) often using barium swallower

ROYGBIV

Colors of the visible spectrum in order of wavelength and frequency.

What are the three most common X ray views?

Oblique, Lateral, and PA or AP

What does a Radiology tech do? What are they not allowed to do?

Uses diagnostic imaging tools to create images of the inside of the body. They are not allowed to interpret medical images or provide a diagnosis

Describe frequency

The number of waves that pass a given point in one second

What is osteoporosis and how do you screen for it? How is that related to bone density?

A disease that causes bones to become weak and brittle making them more likely to break. Develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases.

Why do bones show up more brightly than tissue in X ray?

they are denser and contain calcium

What is fluroscopy?

Fluoroscopy is an X ray technique that takes continuous images to create a video of internal organs.

What is a ultrasound used for? How does ultrasound work? What are the images called?

An ultrasound is a medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of internal body structures. The images created by an ultrasound are called sonograms.

What is an echocardiogram?

a non-invasive medical imaging test that uses ultrasound waves to create detailed pictures of the heart.

Why would CT be better than X ray?

It provides much more detail

How does MRI work? Who can't have an MRI?

Using a magnetic field. People with metal inside their bodies or medical conditions.

What type of imaging is prefered for the brain?

CT, MRI, PCT

Arrhythmia

A condition in which the heart beats with an irregular or abnormal rhythm

Heart disease

Any disorder that affects the hearts ability to function normally

Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction

a serious problem that occurs after a patient receives a transfusion of blood.

First Aid

Help given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available

Respiratory (breathing) rate

Measured as the number of breaths taken every minute

Blood pressure

The pressure of the blood in the circulatory system

Normal Body temperature

Varies by person, age, activity, and time of day.

Nurse Practitioner

Someone with a graduate degree in advanced practice nursing.

Non-invasive

Disease that usually do not spread to or damage other organs

Hemophilia

Refers to a group of bleeding disorders in which takes a long time for the blood to clot

Ad lib

freely; as desired/ Patient can utilize (medication, self care privileges, moving around, as they would like.

AMA

against medical advice/ A document that states a patient's accision is against medical advice

I and O

intake and output/ Indicated the fluid balance of the patient

BRP

Bathroom priveleges/ Patient may get up and use the restroom without assistance

bx

Biopsy/ An examination of tissue removed from a living body discover the presence, cause or extent of disease

NPO

nothing by mouth/ A period of time in which you may not eat or drink anything

DNR

Do not resuscitate/ End of life decision that in writing states the patients would like CPR, intubation, defibrillation etc withheld

dx

diagnosis

H and P

History and physical/ A formal assessment that a physician performs on a patient to gather information and document their findings

WNL

Within normal limits/ No abnormalities or that everything is as it should be

What does highly ethical mean?

To be trustworthy, honest, and always strive to do the right thing

Who is Clara Barton and why is she significant?

Clara barton was a nurse who founded the American Red Cross

Why are medical records kept?

To keep track of patients history.

What is clinical training?

to provide an individual with experience and instruction in providing direct patient care

What are the duties of a nursing assistant?

Provide vital support to both patients and nurses

How do check for pulse? what are you palpating?

You check a vein for pulse. You are palpating a patient's body.

Where would you most likely draw blood from?

From an artery

What is HIPPA?

HIPAA, or the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, is a federal law that protects the privacy and security of health information

What does a triage nurse do? What does triage mean?

Help establish what kind of care patients need, ensuring they get sent to the right locations as fast as possible. Triage means three.

Obstetric nursing

a specialized area of nursing that focuses on the care of women and their families during pregnancy, labor, and childbirth

Pediatric nursing

a specialized field of nursing that focuses on the health of children from birth to young adulthood

Public health nurse

a nursing specialty that focuses on improving the health of a population by preventing disease and promoting health

Abutment

A prepared tooth

Bonding

A process that allows for a strong connection between a dental material and a tooth

Bridge

A dental restoration that spans an area that has no teeth, and is connected to natural teeth of each end.

Composite

A tooth-colored material often used in amalgam

Crown

A tooth-shaped "cap" that reproduces all of the same aspects of a natural teeth

Occlusion

The process that takes place when your teeth come together in one touch.

Veneer

A thin covering of porcelain or composite over enamel

Dental prosthetic

An artificial replacement for missing or damaged teeth

Periodontist

Someone who specializes exclusively in the treatment of gums

Restoration

Reproducing a teeth using meta and/or tooth related materials

Dental Pulp

Soft tissue in the innermost area of a tooth and made of nerves and blood vessels held in place by connective tissue

Plaque

Thin, tenacious, firmlike deposit that adheres (sticks) to the teeth and can lead to decay; made of protein and microorganisms.

Tartar

Hard, calcium-like deposit that forms o the tooth; a stone

Caries

Tooth decay, an infectious disease that destroy tooth tissue. That forms in various parts of the body from a variety of different substances.

AM

Amalgam/ Dental amalgam is a liquid mercury and a metal alloy mixture used in dentistry to fill cavities caused by tooth decay.

BWXR

Bite Wing X ray/ Image that depicts the maxillary and mandibular crowns of the teeth.

Ext

Extraction/ Pulling a tooth

Pro or Prophy

Dental prophylaxis/ A cleaning procedure performed to throughly clean the tooth

M

Mesial Surface/ Surface of the tooth away from the midline of the mouth.

D

Distal Surface/ Surface of the tooth away from the midline of the mouth

La

Lower Anterior/ Incisors of the bottom jaw

O

Occlusal Surface/ Biting surfaces of the molars and premolars.