Organization of the body (Medical terminology Chapter 2)

Individual units of the body are known as?

Cells

Ex. Muscle, Nerve, epithelial, bone cell

Similar cells grouped together are?

Tissues (muscle tissue, epithelial tissue)

Collections of different tissues working together are

Organs (stomach, spleen, etc.)

groups of organs working together to perform particular jobs in the body

Organ Systems: Digestive System, Lymphatic System, Endocrine System, Skin System, and Sense Organ System.

The body cavities

Spaces within the body that contain vital organs include the cranial cavity, thoracic cavity, spinal cavity, abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavity.

Pleura

double-layered membrane surrounding each lung

Pleural cavity

space between the pleural membranes and surrounding each lung

Mediastinum

space between the lungs

Diaphragm

Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing

peritoneum

Double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs

peritoneal cavity

space between peritoneal membranes

retroperitoneal area

Area behind the peritoneum that contains the kidneys

Bones of the hip

pelvis

Space containing the liver, gallbladder....

Abdominal cavity

Space with the backbones, containing the spinal cord

Spinal cord

space within the skull, containing the brain

cranial cavity

space below the abdominal cavity, containing the urinary bladder

Pelvic cavity

Space containing the lungs, heart, trachea, bronchial tubes

Thoracic cavity

each bone in the spinal column is called

vertebra (backbone) (vertebrae is plural)

a piece of flexible connective tissue that lies between each backbone

Disc

What is the disc composed of

Cartilage (cushion between the bones)

Cervical region (neck)

7 bones C1-C7

Thoracic Region (chest)

12 bones T1-T12

Lumbar region (loin or waist)

5 bones L1-L5

Sacral (sacrum or lower back) region

5 fused bones S1-S5

Coccygeal (coccyx or tailbone) region

4 fused bones

frontal (coronal) plane

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

Sagittal (Lateral) Plane

An imaginary line where the body is cut into left and right parts. (midsagittal plane)

Transverse (axial) Plane

horizontal (cross-sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

abdomin/o, lapar/o

abdomen

anter/o

anterior, front

bronch/o

bronchial tube, bronchus

cervic/o

neck, cervix

chondr/o

cartilage (type of connective tissue)

coccyg/o

coccyx (tailbone)

crani/o

cranium (skull)

epitheli/o

skin, surface tissue

esophag/o

esophagus (tube leading from the throat to the stomach)

hepat/o

liver

laryng/o

larynx (voice box)

later/o

side (lateral)

lumb/o

loins (lower back)

lymph/o

lymph (clear fluid in tissue spaces and lymph vessels)

mediastin/o

mediastinum (space between the lungs)

pelv/o

pelvis (hip bone; renal pelvis)

peritone/o

peritoneum (membrane surrounding the abdominal organs)

pharyng/o

pharynx (throat)

pleur/o

pleura (membrane surrounding lungs and adjacent to chest wall)

poster/o

back, behind

radi/o

x-rays

sacr/o

sacrum (five fused bones in the lower back)

spin/o

spine, backbone

thorac/o

chest

trache/o

trachea, windpipe

vertebr/o

vertebra (backbone)

CT scan

a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body

MRI scan

uses radio waves and a very strong magnetic field to produce images of the soft tissue

craniotomy

cutting into the skull

lymphocyte

A type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off infections

epithelial

pertaining to epithelium/ skin cells

mediastinal

pertaining to the mediastinum

tracheostomy

surgical opening into the trachea

radiology

study of X rays and radioactive substances and their uses in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases

chondrosarcoma

malignant tumor of cartilage

pleuritis

inflammation of the pleura

nine abdominopelvic regions

right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac

Organs in right hypochondriac region

Liver, Gallbladder, Right Kidney, Small Intestine, Ascending colon, transverse colon.

organs in the epigastric region

liver, stomach, pancreas, duodenum, spleen, adrenal glands, small intestine, transverse colon, Esophagus

Organs in Left Hypogastric Region

liver's tip, stomach, pancreas (tail), left kidney, small intestine, spleen, descending colon, transverse colon

organs in the right lumbar region

ascending colon, small intestine, right kidney, gallbladder, liver (tip)

organs in umbilical region

small intestine, transverse colon, right & left kidneys and ureters, stomach, pancreas

organs in the left lumbar region

descending colon, left kidney, small intestine

organs in the right iliac region

appendix, cecum, ascending colon, small intestine

organs in the hypogastric region

Urinary Bladder, Sigmoid Colon (picture), Female Reproductive Organs, small intestines

organs in the left iliac region

sigmoid colon, descending colon, small intestine

4 quadrants of the abdomen

right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant

large organ in RUQ

liver

Where is the spleen located in the abdominal quadrants?

LUQ

-ac, -al, -ar, -ic, -eal

pertaining to

-cyte

cell (suffix)

-ectomy

surgical removal, excision, resection

-itis

inflammation

-logy

study of

-oma

tumor, mass

-scopy

process of visually examining

-tomy

process of cutting, incision

-ostomy

surgically create an opening

laryngoscopy

visual examination of the larynx

bronchoscopy

the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope

organs located in the mediastinum

heart, thymus gland, esophagus, trachea, blood vessels, and bronchi

difference between the pharynx, larynx, trachea, and esophagus

The *pharynx is the throat, a passage for air and food. The larynx is the voice box with vocal cords. The trachea (windpipe) carries air to and from the lungs. The esophagus* is a muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach.

difference between the spinal column and spinal cord

The spinal column, or vertebral column, consists of stacked vertebrae that support and protect the spinal cord, enable back movement, and serve as attachment points for ribs and muscles.

The spinal cord is a bundle of nervous tissue located in the vertebral canal. It is essential for the central nervous system, as it transmits signals between the brain and body, and coordinates reflexes and movements.