south east asia: important bullet points

A. Migrants

• pre-classical to classical (up to 1 CE)

• migrants brought irrigated rice tech

• cultural diffusion

• brough HInduism and Buddhism

B. Khmer Empire: Jayavarnam II

• founded Khmer Empire in 802

B. Yasovarman

• collected a LOT via tributes

B. Suryavarnam II

• 1177: conq. Champa (now S.Viet, was very powerful)

• Angkor Wat

B. Jayavarnam VII

• late 12th to early 13th cent

• Mah. Buddhist

B. Khmer Empire

• capital: Angkor Thom (1mil ppl)

• still rich n powerful in late 13th cent

C. Decline & fall of Angkor/Khmer Empire

• Thai kingdoms displaced Khmer emp.

• Theravada Bud. pushed out Mah. Bud.

  • challenge to Mah. Bud & Hind. influenced Khmer rulers

• Angkor Wat abandoned by repeated Ayutthaya attack

  • Ayutthaya kingdom became leading power after Khmer officials left

C. Sukothai

• Theravada Bud. kingdom

• Ayutthaya kingdom displaced Sukothai as the most dominant Thai kingdom

• Chinese diaspora: ~20000

• → Siam → Thailand

D. Politics and culture after 1400

• Ayutthaya/Siam politics had Khmer influences

• devaraja

• sakdi na (quantifiable measure of one’s worth)

• Theravada Bud: dominant

• dominant power for 4 centuries

E. Chinese tribute system in Indonesia

• post-classical & medieval

E. Maritime trade

• Indonesia & Malay peninsula connected by mari. trade

• Chinese tribute sys. governed trade in the area after 1CE

E. Srivijaya

• capital: Palembang

  • major trading location (spices) that made Sri. wealthy and powerful

• heavily reliant on Ch. tributes → lost power when tributes ceased

• heavily influenced by Hinduism (e.g. the title of maharaja)

E. Majapahit

• medieval & early modern period

• conquered Bali, Sumatra, Borneo

• gained tributes from Ming dyn. after they reclaimed power from Mongols (Sri. tried to get tributes too)

E. Arrival of Islam

• early modern period

• Malacca: center of Mus. trade

• Sultanate of Malacca:

  • founded by refugee Sri. leaders fleeing from Maj. soldiers

  • HUGE success, reg. trade w/ western Mus. sultans

F. Impact of Indian culture

• S.E.A trade w/ Ind. merchants since 500 BCE

• S.E.A rulers embraced Ind. lit. (i.e. Ramayana)

  • spread Hind. and Bud.

F. Funan

• 1st-6th cent

• 1st S.E.A state w/ Ind. influence

• Raja: ruler, had divine favor, appointed bureaucrats

• fell to northern migrants (Chams & Khmer)

F. Srivijaya

• 670-1025 CE

• powerful, controlled commerce

• eclipsed by Chola dyn., fell into decline

  • Angkor, Singosari and Majapahit dominated S.E.A affairs after

• cultural diffusion of Ind. culture (e.g. Hindu & Bud. Singo. sculptures)

G. Spread of Islam

1. Gujurat merchants

   1. many Mus. merchants in S.E.A were Guju

2. Sufi mystics

   1. allowed to preach their faith before large audiences; appealed to the people

3. Melaka/Malacca

   1. 15th cent: sponsored Islam, making it more popular

   2. gained power from maritime trade