Chemistry 4.3: A few chemical groups are key to molecular function

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8 Terms

1
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functional group

a configuration of atoms attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and involved in chemical reactions

2
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hydroxyl

oxygen-hydrogen, soluble in water, alcohols

3
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carbonyl

carbon double-bonded to oxygen in aldehydes and ketones

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carboxyl

carbon double-bonded to oxygen and also a hydroxyl group, acts as an acid

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amino

nitrogen bonded to two hydrogens, acts as a base

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sulfhydryl

sulfur bonded to hydrogen

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phosphate

phosphorus to four oxygens, involved in energy transfer

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methyl

carbon to three hydrogens, affects the expression of genes when bonded to DNA