Anatomy and Physiology 2- Lymphatics and Immune System

Lymphoid follicles are found within the medulla of the lymph nodes.

False

The primary lymphoid tissues include

The bone marrow and thymus.

Tonsillar crypts encourage pathogens to penetrate deep into the tonsillar tissues where they are acted upon and eliminated.

True

Found in the small intestine containing specialized endothelial cells called M cells that sample material from the intestinal lumen and transport to nearby follicles to initiate adaptive immune responses.

Peyer's patches

The _____________________ is/are divided by trabeculae consisting of nodules holding red pulp (red blood cells) and white pulp (germinal center with B and T cells).

Spleen

Which of the lymphoid nodules is most likely to see food antigens first?

Tonsils

A(n) _________________ is a toxin or foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body.

Antigen

Helper T cells do all of the following except

Provide a rapid response to a future exposure to the antigen.

Each IgG has ________ binding sites for attachment to antigenic determinants.

2

Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. This would account for all of the following changes that occur during inflammation except

Chemotaxis of phagocytes.

Match the following T cell differentiation types with its function.

A. Cytotoxic

B. Helper

C. Regulatory

D. Memory

A. direct destruction of cells infected by a pathogen

B. produce cytokines that activate macrophages

C. suppress the response of B cells and other T cells to antigens

D. recognizes previously encountered antigens and responds to them more quickly

A __________________ is an immature T cell that has moved to the thymus for maturation.

Thymocyte

Terminal lymphatics are an open end system, allowing fluid to flow into them through ________________.

Lipid soluble vitamins

T is to ________ as B is to ________.

Thymus-dependent and cell mediated; bone marrow-derived and humoral mediated

A ____________________ is a mature B or T cell that has not yet encountered an antigen.

Naive lymphocyte

The following are steps in the cell-mediated immune response. What is the correct sequence for these steps?

1. Several cycles of mitosis occur.

2. Antigen is engulfed and presented by a macrophage.

3. Cytotoxic T cells migrate to focus of infection.

4. T cells with specific receptors recognize the antigen

.5. T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells or T memory cells.

6. Cytotoxic T cells release perforin and/or lymphotoxin.

2, 4, 1, 5, 3, 6

T cells and B cells destroy one antigen without affecting other antigens or normal tissues, this is termed

Specificity

The primary function of the lymphatic system is

Defending the body against both external and internal threats.

Lymph fluid enters the venous circulation via the

Subclavian veins.

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the

Thoracic duct.

Lymphatic vessels begin in peripheral tissues and ultimately drain into

veins

Compared to blood capillaries, lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following except that they

Are smaller in diameter.

___________________ is the term used to describe interstitial fluid once it has entered the lymphatic system.

Lymph

Lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine are called __________________________.

Lacteals

The ______________________ is a sac-like chamber that receives lymph from the left and right lumbar trunks and the intestinal trunk.

Cisterna chyli

In the small intestine, dietary triglycerides combine with other lipids and proteins, and enter the lacteals to form a milky fluid called _________________.

Chyle

___________________ is/are referred to "filters of the lymph" and function to remove debris and pathogens from the lymph.

Lymph nodes

The body's innate defenses include all of the following except

Antibodies

The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the

Phagocytes

Match the type of innate immunity cells with their function.

A.eosinophils

B.basophils

C. neutrophils

D. monocytes

A. combat parasitic and viral infections through release of proteins and ribonucleases

B. release histamine and heparin to improve blood flow and decrease blood clots.

C. Front line responders to sites of inflammation and infection and attack and remove invading microorganisms through phagocytosis

D. differentiate into dendritic cells and macrophages

The lymphoid system is composed of all of the following, except

The venae cavae.

Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called ________ immunity.

Innate

Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity.

Adaptive

Which of the following is NOT a physical barrier to infection?

T or B cells