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anything that can be felt is made of
atoms
where does matter come from
the big bang
what is temperature
the measurement of how much energy matter is releasing
what is kinetic energy
movement or vibrations
what is the average temp on earth
31-34c
how hot was the big bang
1 x 10˄14
what are the 3 subatomic particles
protons, electrons, neutrons
what happens when atoms and subatomic particles get hot
they fuse
what is the most common element in the universe
Hydrogen
what is nuclear fussion
the fusion of the nuclei of 2 atoms
what is nuclear fission
The splitting of an atomic nucleus
why do stars begin to die
because they begin to fuse helium into bigger elements
what is a compound
a mixture of 2 elements
what percentage of the observable universe does matter form
less than 0.1%
what are atoms with charges called
ions
Ions with a positive charge are called
cations
ions with a negative charge are called
anions
when was light made
during the big bang
where does radiation come from
from stars
what is relic radiation
radiation made during the big bang
what is the main fuel for stars
hydrogen
what are particles smaller than subatomic particles
quarks
how old is the universe
14 billion years old
is the universe always expanding
yes
steps of the big bang
inflation (10˄-32 seconds)
formation of protons
nuclear fusion begins(0.01 seconds)
nuclear fusion ends (3 minutes)
cosmic background radiations (380000 years)
modern universe (13.7 billion years)
formation of protons
nuclear fusion begins(0.01 seconds)
nuclear fusion(3 minutes)
cosmic background radiations (380000 years)
modern universe (13.7 billion years)
how is the idea that the universe started in a big bang a logical extension from a fact
because it is backed up by facts
what evidence is there that the universe began in a big bang
the constant expansion of the universe and the cosmic background radiation
at the time of the big bang what happened
all the matter and energy of the universe was compressed into a point, hydrogen formed after a few minutes, protons neutrons and electrons formed a few seconds after
what are the 3 possibilities for the end of the universe
the big rip, big freeze and big crunch
big rip
the universe expansion moves so fast that gravity cant keep up and it causes a rip in space
big freeze
the universe continues getting colder and eventually it gets too cold
big crunch
the rate of expansion of the universe stops and everything begins going in reverse and everything turns extremely small
entropy
lack of order
what is a constellation
a group of stars making an image
astronomy
science that studies how stuff behaves in the universe
cosmology
the study of the cosmos
star
a massive ball of plasma
what are stars made of
hydrogen
what state of matter on earth has the most energy
gas
what state of matter has the most energy
plasma
what happens to electrons in plasma
they rip out of the atom and begin orbiting it
do nebulas have a center of gravity
yes
what happens to the atoms in a nebula because of the center of gravity
they crash into each other
what are stars constantly doing
exploding
what are exploding stars held together by
gravity
true or false. all radiation produced by a star escapes
false
what are the most common stars in the universe
red dwarfs
why are red dwarfs not main sequence stars
because they dont fuse enough hydrogen in their core
How are stars classified?
temperature, age and size
what do opposite charges do
They attract
what do equal charges do
they repel
what keeps subatomic particles from splitting
nuclear energy
what produces more energy? nuclear fusion or nuclear fission
nuclear fusion
what are stars that only fuse hydrogen to hydrogen called
main sequence stars
star layers
core, radiative zone and convection zone
where does energy from nuclear fusion go to in a star
to the radiative zone
what happens in the convection zone of a star
energy loops and only a small percentage of energy escapes
why does energy stay in the convection zone
because gravity pulls it in
what type of fusion takes place in most stars
nuclear fusion
why dont stars collapse on themselves
because of nuclear energy
what does a supernova create
a neutron star or a black hole
what color is our sun
white
how is the surface temperature of a main sequence star related to its luminosity
the hotter the surface temperature, the brighter the star
what are brown dwarfs
failed stars
why are red dwarves so
common
because they live a very long time
is a red dwarf's energy output consistent
no
is white dwarf's energy output consistent
yes
what is a white dwarf
the core of a star which is left after a star dies through a supernova
How are neutron stars formed?
when a supergiant explodes and condenses all of the subatomic particles into a small ball
what does a neutron star fuse
electrons and protons into neutrons
what are the densest objects in the universe
neutron stars
what are the densest things in the universe
black holes
what do main sequence stars leave when they die
a nebula and a white dwarf
what happens when a star's hydrogen runs out
it becomes bigger
what object has the second strongest force of gravity
neutron stars
what are the 3 layers of neutron stars
crust, core, and atmosphere
how are pulsars made
when neutron stars collapse they spin very fast and turn into pulsars
what object has the strongest magnetic field
pulsars