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anything that can be felt is made of

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152 Terms
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anything that can be felt is made of

atoms

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where does matter come from

the big bang

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what is temperature

the measurement of how much energy matter is releasing

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what is kinetic energy

movement or vibrations

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what is the average temp on earth

31-34c

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how hot was the big bang

1 x 10˄14

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what are the 3 subatomic particles

protons, electrons, neutrons

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what happens when atoms and subatomic particles get hot

they fuse

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what is the most common element in the universe

Hydrogen

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what is nuclear fussion

the fusion of the nuclei of 2 atoms

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what is nuclear fission

The splitting of an atomic nucleus

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why do stars begin to die

because they begin to fuse helium into bigger elements

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what is a compound

a mixture of 2 elements

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what percentage of the observable universe does matter form

less than 0.1%

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what are atoms with charges called

ions

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Ions with a positive charge are called

cations

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ions with a negative charge are called

anions

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when was light made

during the big bang

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where does radiation come from

from stars

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what is relic radiation

radiation made during the big bang

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what is the main fuel for stars

hydrogen

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what are particles smaller than subatomic particles

quarks

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how old is the universe

14 billion years old

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is the universe always expanding

yes

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steps of the big bang

inflation (10˄-32 seconds)
formation of protons
nuclear fusion begins(0.01 seconds)
nuclear fusion ends (3 minutes)
cosmic background radiations (380000 years)
modern universe (13.7 billion years)

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formation of protons

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nuclear fusion begins(0.01 seconds)

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nuclear fusion(3 minutes)

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cosmic background radiations (380000 years)

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modern universe (13.7 billion years)

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how is the idea that the universe started in a big bang a logical extension from a fact

because it is backed up by facts

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what evidence is there that the universe began in a big bang

the constant expansion of the universe and the cosmic background radiation

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at the time of the big bang what happened

all the matter and energy of the universe was compressed into a point, hydrogen formed after a few minutes, protons neutrons and electrons formed a few seconds after

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what are the 3 possibilities for the end of the universe

the big rip, big freeze and big crunch

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big rip

the universe expansion moves so fast that gravity cant keep up and it causes a rip in space

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big freeze

the universe continues getting colder and eventually it gets too cold

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big crunch

the rate of expansion of the universe stops and everything begins going in reverse and everything turns extremely small

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entropy

lack of order

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what is a constellation

a group of stars making an image

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astronomy

science that studies how stuff behaves in the universe

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cosmology

the study of the cosmos

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star

a massive ball of plasma

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what are stars made of

hydrogen

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what state of matter on earth has the most energy

gas

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what state of matter has the most energy

plasma

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what happens to electrons in plasma

they rip out of the atom and begin orbiting it

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do nebulas have a center of gravity

yes

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what happens to the atoms in a nebula because of the center of gravity

they crash into each other

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what are stars constantly doing

exploding

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what are exploding stars held together by

gravity

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true or false. all radiation produced by a star escapes

false

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what are the most common stars in the universe

red dwarfs

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why are red dwarfs not main sequence stars

because they dont fuse enough hydrogen in their core

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How are stars classified?

temperature, age and size

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what do opposite charges do

They attract

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what do equal charges do

they repel

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what keeps subatomic particles from splitting

nuclear energy

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what produces more energy? nuclear fusion or nuclear fission

nuclear fusion

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what are stars that only fuse hydrogen to hydrogen called

main sequence stars

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star layers

core, radiative zone and convection zone

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where does energy from nuclear fusion go to in a star

to the radiative zone

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what happens in the convection zone of a star

energy loops and only a small percentage of energy escapes

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why does energy stay in the convection zone

because gravity pulls it in

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what type of fusion takes place in most stars

nuclear fusion

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why dont stars collapse on themselves

because of nuclear energy

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what does a supernova create

a neutron star or a black hole

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what color is our sun

white

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how is the surface temperature of a main sequence star related to its luminosity

the hotter the surface temperature, the brighter the star

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what are brown dwarfs

failed stars

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why are red dwarves so

common

because they live a very long time

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is a red dwarf's energy output consistent

no

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is white dwarf's energy output consistent

yes

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what is a white dwarf

the core of a star which is left after a star dies through a supernova

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How are neutron stars formed?

when a supergiant explodes and condenses all of the subatomic particles into a small ball

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what does a neutron star fuse

electrons and protons into neutrons

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what are the densest objects in the universe

neutron stars

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what are the densest things in the universe

black holes

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what do main sequence stars leave when they die

a nebula and a white dwarf

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what happens when a star's hydrogen runs out

it becomes bigger

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what object has the second strongest force of gravity

neutron stars

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what are the 3 layers of neutron stars

crust, core, and atmosphere

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how are pulsars made

when neutron stars collapse they spin very fast and turn into pulsars

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what object has the strongest magnetic field

pulsars

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