Chapter 12: The Integumentary System

Skin

cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o

Sweat

hidr/o

hairy, rough

hirsut/o

hard

kerat/o

fat, lipid

lip/o

black, dark

melan/o

fungus

myc/o

Fingernail or toenail

onych/o

hair

pil/I, pil/o

pus

py/o

wrinkle

rhytid/o

sebum

seb/o

rash, hives

urtic/o

dry

xer/o

Actinic Keratosis

a precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin. It often looks like a red, tan, or pink scaly patch and feels like sandpaper.

Albinism

is a genetic condition characterized by a deficiency or the absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises of the eyes

Alopecia

is the partial or complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp

Blepharoplasty

the surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids by removing sagging skin

Bulla

a large blister that is usually more than 0.5 cm in diameter

Capillary Hemangioma

is a soft, raised, pink or red vascular birthmark

Carbuncle

is a cluster of connected furuncles (boils)

Cellulitis

is an acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection within the connective tissues that is characterized by malaise, swelling, warmth, and red streaks.

Chloasma

is a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face. Can occur during pregnancy.

Cicatrix

is a normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound

Comedo

a noninfected lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle often associated with acne vulgaris

Debridement

removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing.

Dermatitis

Inflammation of the skin

Diaphoresis

profuse sweating

Dysplastic nevi

atypical moles that can develop into skin cancer.

Ecchymosis

a large, irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin

Eczema

is a form of persistent or recurring dermatitis usually characterized by redness, itching, and dryness, with possible blistering, cracking, oozing, or bleeding.

Erythema

redness of the skin due to capillary dilation

Erythroderma

abnormal redness of the entire skin surface

Exanthem

widespread rash, usually in children

Exfoliative dermatitis

a condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin.

Folliculitis

inflammation of the hair follicles

Furuncles

aka boils, are large, tender, swollen areas caused by a staphylococcal infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands.

Granuloma

a small, knot-like swelling of granulation tissue in the epidermis

Hematoma

usually caused by an injury, is a swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues

Hirsutism

the presence of excessive body and facial hair in women

Ichthyosis

is a group of hereditary disorders characterized by dry, thickened, and scaly skin

Impetigo

a highly contagious bacterial skin infection that commonly occurs in children. This condition is characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture.

Keloid

an abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision

Keratosis

any skin growth, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin

Koilonychia

a malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of a spoon

Lipedema

chronic abnormal condition that is characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in the tissues just under the skin of the hips and legs

Lipoma

a benign, slow-growing fatty tumor located between the skin and the muscle layer

Macule

a discolored flat spot that is less than 1 cm in diameter. ex. freckle

Malignant melanoma

a type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes

Necrotizing fasciitis

a severe infection caused by group A strep bacteria, which are also known as flesh-eating bacteria.

Onychocryptosis

aka an ingrown toenail. The edges of a toenail, usually on the big toe, curve inward and cut into the skin.

Onychomycosis

Fungal infection of the nail

Papilloma

a benign, superficial, wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body,

Papule

a small, raised red lesion that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter and does not contain pus.

paronychia

is an acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail

Pediculosis

an infestation with lice. pedicul/o means lice

Petechiae

very small, pinpoint hemorrhages that are less than 2 mm in diameter

Pruritus

aka itching. associated with most forms of dermatitis

Psoriasis

a common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, or buttocks

Purpura

the appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin. purpur/o means purple

Purulent

means producing or containing pus.

Rhytidectomy

aka a facelift. is the surgical removal of excess skin and fat from the face to eliminate wrinkles

Rosacea

aka adult acne. tiny red pimples and broken blood vessels.

Scabies

is a skin infection caused by an infestation of itch mites. These tiny mites cause small, itchy bumps and blisters by burrowing into the top layer of human skin to lay their eggs.

Scleroderma

is an autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to become hard and swollen

Seborrhea

overactivity of the sebaceous glands that results in the production of an excessive amount of sebum

Squamous cell carcinoma

originates as a malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium; however, it can quickly spread to other body systems.

Systemic lupus erythematosus

an autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk.

Tinea

aka ringworm. a fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails.

urticaria

aka hives. are itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction

Verrucae

aka warts, are small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus

Vitiligo

a skin condition resulting from the destruction of the melanocytes due to unknown causes.

Wheal

aka welt. a small bump that itches

Xeroderma

excessively dry skin

eyelid

blephar/o

Sebaceous Glands

located in the dermis layer of the skin, they secrete sebum that lubricates the skin and discourages the growth of bacteria

Sweat glands (sudoriferous glands)

help regulate temperature and water content by secreting sweat. There are 2 types. 1, apocrine —> found in hair follicles and 2, eccrine —> occuring with skin

Collagen

means glue, is a tough yet flexible fibrous protein material found in the skin and also in the bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.

Heparin

released from the dermis layer in response to injury, acting as an anti-coagulent

Histamine

released from the dermis layer in response to an allergic reaction

Acne vulgaris

aka acne, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin caused by an overproduction of sebum around the hair shaft.

Epidermoid cyst

a closed sac that is found just under the skin.

Seborrheic dermatitis

is an inflammation sometimes resulting from seborrhea that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp.

seborrheic keratosis

a benign skin growth that has a waxy or “pasted-on” look. mostly occur in elderly

Anhidrosis

the abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat

Heat rash

is an intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of the sweat glands by bacteria and dead cells.

Hyperhidrosis

of excessive sweating in one area or over the whole body

Sleep hyperhidrosis,

hyperhidrosis during sleep (excessive sweating)

Trichomycosis axillaris

a superficial bacterial infection of the hair shafts in areas with extensive sweat glands

Alopecia areata

an autoimmune disorder that attacks the hair follicles, causing well-defined bald areas on the scalp or elsewhere on the body

Alopecia totalis

is an uncommon condition characterized by the loss of all the hair on the scalp.

Alopecia universalis

total loss of hair on all parts of the body.

Androgenic alopecia

most common type of hair loss driven by genetics

Clubbing

curving of the nails, could be hereditary or associated with coronary or pulmonary diseases

Onychia

an inflammation of the bed of the nail that often results in the loss of the nail

Acanthosis nigricans

where one or more areas of the skin develop dark, wart-like patches.

contusion

an injury to underlying tissues without breaking the skin and is characterized by discoloration and pain

port-wine stain

a flat vascular birthmark made up of dilated blood capillaries, creating a large, reddish-purple discoloration on the face or neck.

Contact dermatitis

a localized allergic response caused by contact with an irritant,

Gangrene

death of tissue