AP Psych Quiz 3

REM Sleep

Stage of sleep: Paralysis, dreaming, paradoxical sleep, heart rate rises, breathing rapid and irregular

N1

Sensations of falling, first stage of light sleep

N2

Sleep spindles, rapid rhythmic brain wave activity, memory processing

N3

Large slow delta waves, very hard to awaken

Brainstem

Contains the nerve fibers that connect the forebrain, cerebellum, and spinal cord. This system directs vital functions such as breathing, and heart rate. Some of its other functions include the sleep-wake cycle, attention, temperature regulation, vision, hearing, and motor control of muscles in the face and neck.

Medulla

This is the breathing control center and houses its rhythm.

RAS

responsible for sensation, consciousness, attention, and the sleep-wake cycle. The ______ transmits the sensory messages to different areas of the cerebral cortex through the thalamus.

Cerebellum

“Little brain” that contains 5x the amount of neurons as the physically larger cerebral cortex. It improves motor skills by detecting errors in movements and makes small adjustments to the next.

The right hemisphere

Used for perception, decision-making, language, and consciousness, the human experience lives here. It's divided into six neural circuits containing cell bodies of neurons and constitutes the brain's signal processing “grey matter”. Controls motor functions of the left side of the body (eyes, lips, fingers, arms, hands.)

The left hemisphere

Used for perception, decision-making, language, and consciousness, the human experience lives here. It's divided into six neural circuits containing cell bodies of neurons and constitutes the brain's signal processing “grey matter”. Controls motor functions of the right side of the body (eyes, lips, fingers, arms, hands.)

Hypothalamus

Provides a link between the central nervous system and the endocrine system. Maintains homeostasis. Releases hormones that regulate the body's functions. Regulate thirst and hunger, oversee circadian rhythms, and promote familial bonding (oxytocin). It also bridges the gap between subconscious systems from the brainstem with signals from the cerebral cortex.

Amygdala

The small almond-shaped part of the brain that works with your hippocampus to create long-term memories of specific, and often, emotional events (known as episodic memory). It is known for linking fear, aggression, and anxiety to knowledge of people and places; damage to the _______ reduces aggression but can make it difficult for people to avoid dangerous or threatening situations.

thalamus

Sorts all the sensory information brought to the brain. The _______ also receives feedback from the cerebral cortex to filter out sensory information and is also used to coordinate signals between various lobes that control attention.

Hippocampus

Involved in memory, converts short term memory into long term memory

The pituitary gland

Regulates hormonal function, works with hypothalamus

Corpus callosum

Connects left and right hemispheres

Frontal lobe

Behind the forehead, decision making, planning, problem solving, and social behavior. Motor cortex responsible for voluntary movement

Temporal lobe

Auditory processing and language. Auditory cortex. Side of the brain

Parietal lobe

Upper rear part of the brain. It plays a vital role in processing sensory information and integrating it with spatial awareness. The Somatosensory cortex, which is responsible for processing sensory input from the body, such as touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception (the sense of body position).

Occipital lobe

Back of the brain below the parietal lobe. Process vision. Recognises faces and shapes. Making sense of what we see

Broca’s area

located in the frontal lobe of the brain, typically in the left hemisphere, though it can also be found in the right hemisphere for some individuals. It is situated in the posterior part of the frontal lobe, just above the lateral sulcus. speech production and language processing. It plays a crucial role in the formulation of speech, including grammar and syntax, allowing individuals to articulate their thoughts coherently

Wernicke’s area

____________ is primarily located in the posterior part of the left temporal lobe, specifically near the junction of the temporal and parietal lobes. In some individuals, particularly those who are left-handed, a similar area may be found in the right hemisphere as well. It enables individuals to understand spoken and written language.