ap gov

political culture

a way of thinking about how political and economic life should be carried out

political ideology

a consistent set of views concerning the policies the government should pursue

political efficacy

citizens capacity to understand and influence political events

internal efficacy

the ability to understand and take part in political affairs

external efficacy

the ability to make the government respond to the citizenry

public opinion

the distribution of the populations beliefs about politics and policy issues

demography

the science behind population changes

census

a tool/survey for understanding population changes, takes place every ten years

political socialization

how a person takes their knowledge and experience to create their views on politics

political socialization - family

prolly go through same opinions as parents, most important factor of a persons political views

political socialization - school

teachers views affect kids and the things taught at school affect them too

political socialization - mass media

the new parent

political socialization - opinion of leaders

more influence than the average person

the culture war

what kind of world we live in - everyone had their own views so its pretty controversial

orthodox

morality with rules from god, more important than self expression

progressive

personal freedom, rules based on circumstances, more important than tradition

liberals

achieve equal opportunity, reduce community issues, protect civil liberties with government help, the “left side”, democrats, high taxes

conservatives

personal responsibility, free markets, traditional values, strong national defense, limited government, low taxes, the “right side”, republicans

random sampling

asking random ppl to answer a survey

exit poll

a survey given to random ppl after they are done voting in their voting area during voting day

mandate theory of election

the winning candidate can turn campaign promises into policy

why ppl dont vote

they dont care, they dont believe their vote matters, not in an party, not their policy views, the personal image of candidates is weak, its hard to get out and vote on a work day

voting registration

some states require you to register as a voter a month before election day

motor voter act

you can register when getting a drivers license

top two things our government works for

stability and security

economic growth

if the economy is growing, people have jobs, they make money, and then they spend, and then economy is thriving

fiscal policy

controlled by president and congress, the job is to use taxes, spend money to keep economy stable, president writes the budget, congress revises it

fiscal policy tool 2

government spending growth - increase spending, simulate people spending, economic growth

government spending slow - decrease gov spending, ppl spend less, slow economy

monetary policy

FED, bank controlling, changing the supply of money in circulation to affect the economy

monetary policy tool 1

reserve requirement growth - forces the bank to keep a certain amount of money in the bank

reserve requirement slow - raise reserve requirements

monetary policy tool 2

interest rates growth - lower interest rates, more loans, economy growth

interest rates slow - raise interest rates, less loans, slow economy

monetary policy tool 3

buying bonds growth - asks ppl to give money to bank, they get certificate, they spend the certificate money, economic growth

buying bonds slow - sell bonds

regulatory policy

gov use rules on businesses to protect the ppl and affect the economy

less rules, hire more workers, economic growth

more rules, they need to buy things according to the rules, slow economy

business cycle - peak

the top or highest parts of the economic growth

business cycle - expansion

the growth/growing of the economy

business cycle - trough

the bottom of the economic cycle

business cycle - contraction

the economy is going down

public policy

a choice the gov makes in response to a issue

issues: education, social welfare, economic, environmental, healthcare

IAM

INFORM - the public alerts the ppl what the issue is

ACT - work with gov to get a law passed

MAINTAIN - continue to keep the public aware of the problem

gender gap

the difference in political participation between genders

majority minority

the minority is increasing, its gonna become a majority soon

keynesian economics

economy is ruled by gov spending/cutting

liberals

side supply economics

economics is ruled by raising/lowering prices

conservatives

trust in gov

if it is handled well, trust government

if it is handled badly, distrust

random digit dialing

calling and surveying random numbers

important factors of america health system

the bad healthcare

the bad access to healthcare

the gov

simpson mazzoli act

u must note the race of ur employees

captialis

what to produce, how to produce, distribute

protectionism

encouraging ppl to create products in their own country