OHO 362E Floral Design

Flashcards for Floral Design - Color, Elements of Design, Wire, Picks & Ribbon, Dying Flowers, Extending Vase Life, Drying Flowers, Miscellaneous, and Key Words

Primary Colors

Red, yellow, blue

Secondary Colors

Orange, green, violet

Tertiary Colors

Colors that contain a primary and secondary color; typically hyphenated, like Blue-green

Tint

A hue (color) plus white, giving an uplifting psychological effect

Tone

A hue plus gray, giving a soothing psychological effect

Shade

A hue plus black, giving a depressing effect

Violets and Purples (Psychological Effect)

Spiritual or receding effect

Blue and Green (Psychological Effect)

Effect of coldness

Red, Orange, and Yellow (Psychological Effect)

Effect of warmth (advancing)

Monochromatic Color Harmony

Uses tints, tones, and shades of one color

Analogous Color Harmony

Uses two or more colors adjacent (touching) to each other on the color wheel

Direct Complementary Color Harmony

Uses only two colors opposite to each other on the color wheel (e.g., red and green)

Split Complementary Color Harmony

Uses one color plus one on either side of its direct complement

Triad Color Harmony

Uses three colors equally spaced from each other on the color wheel

Color Use in Arrangements

Should contain more lighter than darker colors

Placement of Lighter and Darker Colors in Arrangements

Lighter colors at top and darker colors at the bottom

European Flower Arrangements

Emphasize mass and color

Scale (Floral Design)

The size relationship between the component parts of an arrangement

Symmetrical Balance (Appearance)

Formal appearance

Asymmetrical Balance (Appearance)

Informal appearance

Line (Floral Design)

The underlying framework that holds a floral composition together

Wire Gage Number

The higher the gage number, the finer (smaller diameter) the wire

Methods of Wiring Flowers

Straight wire, hook, hair pin, and piercing

Wiring Method for Corsages with Carnations

Piercing

Wiring Method for Flowers with Small Bases (e.g., daisies)

Hook wire method

Types of Picks

Wooden, steel, and water

Ribbon Number

The larger the ribbon number, the wider the ribbon

Commonly Used Ribbon Numbers by Florists

Number 3, 9, and 40

Material of Most Ribbon Used by Florists

Satin

Floral Tape

Wax coated paper

Methods for Dying (Coloring) Flowers

Absorption, dip and rinse, aerosol sprays, and nonaerosol sprays

Speeding Up Absorption Method for Dying Flowers

Using warm water (100-110 F) and cutting flower stems under water

Blockage of Water Uptake in Cut Flowers

Bacteria (and other microbes) growing in the cut ends of flower stems

Water Temperature and Uptake Speed

Warm water (100-110 F) moves up flower stems faster than cold water

Plant Processes to Slow for Extending Vase Life

Transpiration, Respiration, and Ethylene formation

Slowing Transpiration

Refrigeration and high humidity

Slowing Respiration

Refrigeration

Slowing Ethylene Formation

Refrigeration

Minimum Storage Temperature for Gladiolus and Tropicals

They should not be stored below 40 F

Maximizing Water Uptake by Flower Stems

Using warm water and cutting stems under water

Ingredients in Floral Preservatives

Sugar, a bactericide, and an acidifier

Floral Preservatives and Bacterial Development

They cause the water in flower vases to be acid

Floral Preservatives and Vase Life

They can double the vase life

Dry Foams

Used with silk, dry, and artificial flowers

Methods for Drying Flowers

Hanging, pressing, glycerin absorption, burial, microwaving, and freeze drying

Fastest Method for Drying Flowers

Using the microwave oven

Best Method for Drying Flowers

Freeze drying

How Freeze Drying Works

Freezing the water in flowers and removing the ice as water vapor

Compote Container

Has a long narrow stem

Urn Container

Has a short broad stem

Arrangements Made in the Class

Vertical, symmetrical triangle, asymmetrical triangle, bud vase, corsage, horizontal centerpiece, and circular centerpiece

Arrangement NOT Constructed in the Class

The S-curve

Culture that Refined Flower Arrangement into an Art

The Japanese

Important Container Factor Besides Size

Color

Xylem Vessels

Tiny tubes through which water moves up stems to flowers and leaves

Transpiration

Water loss in the form of vapor from flowers and leaves

Respiration

The utilization of sugars from photosynthesis to provide energy for flowering opening and plant growth

Ethylene

Odorless gas produced by aging flowers and other plant parts that causes the deterioration of some flowers; other sources include ripening fruit, cigarette smoke, and auto emissions

Chilling Injury

Cold temperatures that cause darkening of flower parts

Freeze Injury

Cold temperatures that destroy cells in flowers causing them to collapse

Plant Process to Maximize for Cut Flowers

Water absorption (using warm water (100-110 degrees F) and cutting stems under water)

Plant Processes to Minimize for Cut Flowers

Transpiration, Respiration, and Ethylene Formation (minimized by using cold temperatures; high humidities will also reduce transpiration)