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when was the 13th amendment passed
1865
what did the 13th amendment do
Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the US
What document was the 14th amendment trying to ensure
The 14th Amendment was intended to guarantee the principles of the Declaration of Independence such as equal protection and due process were applied to all citizens.
what did the 14th amendment do
granted citizenship to all people born in the United States and prohibited states from denying any person due process of law or equal protection under the law
why was the 14th amendment necessary
to ensure the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted citizenship and equal rights to African Americans was enforced
what were the intentions of the 14th Amendment
Protect the rights of all citizens regardless of race and to limit the power of the states to discriminate against individuals
when was the 14th Amendment passed
it was passed during the Reconstruction Era in 1868, that followed the Civil War, when the country was attempting to rebuild and conform after years of conflict.
what was the 14th Amendment a response to
discriminatory practices that had been used against African Americans and other minority groups in the South
When was the 15th Amendment passed
1870
What did the 15th Amendment do?
prohibited the denial of the right to vote to any citizen based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Why was the 15th Amendment necessary
many African Americans were being denied the right to vote even after the Civil War and the 14th Amendment
what were the intentions of the 15th Amendment
to protect the voting rights of African Americans and ensure that they were not disenfranchised by discriminatory state laws.
What were the goals of radical republicans for reconstruction?
to break the power of wealthy planters who had ruled the South and to ensure that freedmen received the right to vote.
Why was the Great Irish Potato Famine caused
a disease destroyed the harvest of potatoes which were the main food of the poor in Ireland.
Who’s rule were the Irish under
the British
A large part of the potato crop was lost to?
disease(they were exported)
what did British landowners ship to England
wheat and oats
why did the Irish have little to eat
British landowners shipped their wheat and oats to England
what happened to people during the Irish Potato Famine
thousands died and 1.5 million fled to the U.S
why did so many Irish flee to the US?
to seek freedom from hunger and British rule
When did Northern Europeans flee to the US?
1850s
Why did Germans flee to the US
severe food shortages, fighting for democratic reforms, making a better life for themselves, they liked the US political system, and seeking fertile land to farm.
Who made the Declaration of Sentiments
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
What was the Declaration of Sentiments modeled by
The Declaration of Independence
What did the Declaration of Sentiments say
all men and WOMEN are created equal, it outlined a list of grievances against women’s lack of legal and political rights as well as a set of demands for their full and equal participation in society. women should be able to vote, own property, receive an education, and have equal legal and economic opportunities.
what was the Seneca Falls Convention
a meeting that started a campaign for women rights movement
When was the Seneca Falls Convention
1848
What did people discuss at the Seneca Falls Convention
equal rights for women at school, work, and church.
Why was the Seneca Falls Convention important
members got what they wanted since they established equality for women and passed the resolution that women should vote. The convention sparked the women’s rights movement.
Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton
A leader and advocate for women’s rights in the 19th century. She was a skilled organizer and co-founded the National Women Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony.
What did Elizabeth Cady Stanton do
She co-organized the first women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848, where she drafted the Declaration of Sentiments
What did Stanton and Anthony do
The founded the National Woman Suffrage Association and campaigned for women right to vote.
Who was Lucretia Mott
a quiet speaker and Quaker who won the respect of many listeners with her persuasive logic and she organized petition drives across the North.
What group did Lucretia Mott join
a group of Americans at a World Antislavery Convention in London, but women were rejected to take part in the proceedings
who PROBABLY led to the Seneca Falls Convention?
Lucretia Mott
Why couldn’t white settlers go on Native American Land
It broke the Fort Laramie Treaty which promised land to the Cheyenne and Arapaho people.
What did Natives do in response to settlers going on their land
they attacked the settlers resulting in commotion and disagreements.
What did the Dawes Act do
it encouraged American Indians to become farmers. It called for the allotment or distribution of land to Indian families
How did the Dawes Act change federal policy
before, Indians had been removed from their land and placed on reservations but now, the Act tried to lessen traditional influences on Indian society by making land ownership private rather than shared
What did the Dawes Act end
elements of female authority respected in trivial societies, Indians sold their land to whites because they weren’t suitable for farming, their culture changed, the federal government took away power of Indian leaders, etc.
who was the populist party formed by
farmers and labor unions
what did populists want
government help to raise farm prices, regulate railroad rates, create income tax, make an eight hour workday, to enforce immigration limits, etc.
What industry started it in the US
textile industry
what industry was first in Britain
textile industry
How did the textile machines get exposed?
British mechanic of a textile mill Samuel Slater moved to the US and started the first American Mill.
Why were textile mills built in the North
the north had a hilly geography and an abundance of resources (iron/wood)
Why was the South unsuitable for mills
its geography was flat`
what was the most important cause of states rights debate in the early 1800s
slavery in states (especially new ones
Did the North want slavery?
No. it was independent because it had an economy based on industry
Did the South want slavery?
Yes. It depended on the North for resources but it had a slave based economy
What did the north focus on
progressive issues like education, social reform, and women’s rights.
what did the south focus on?
They were conservative and wanted to continue traditional ways such as slavery
What was Harriet Tubmans position
conductor of the Underground Railroad
what was the underground railroad
a network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved people to escape from the south to the north.h
how many trips did Harriet Tubman make
at least 13 trips back to the south
What tactics did Harriet Tubman use to rescue slaves
disguises, secret codes, and traveling at night
Who did Harriet Tubman speak out against slavery with
Fredrick Douglass
what movement was Harriet Tubman in
abolitionist
How did Harriet Tubman find secrets of the South?
she served as a spy for the Union Army to gather intelligence on the Confederates, planning raids and military campaigns.
Who was William Lloyd garrison
a white abolitionist who wanted slavery to be ended immediately.
Who wrote the Liberator?
William Lloyd Garrison
What was the Liberator
An anti slavery newspaper written by William Lloyd Garrison
What organization did WL Garrison found
The New England Anti-Slavery Society
Who suggested the Missouri Compromise
Henry Clay
What was the Missouri Compromise?
Missouri would enter as a slave state and Maine as a free state.W
What was the point of the Missouri Compromise
to keep the number of slave and free states equal
What was 36 degrees 30’ North
Congress drew a line extending the Southern Border of Missouri. Slavery was permitted in the part of the Louisiana purchase South of the line and banned North of the line (except Missouri).
what was the compromise of 1850
it allowed California to enter the Union as a free state, it divided the rest of the Mexican Cession into the territories of New Mexico and Utah.
why was the compromise of 1850 important
it ended the slave trade in Washington DC, and it included a strict fugitive slave law, and it settled a border dispute between Texas and NM.
what was Henry Clay’s role in the compromise of 1850
he proposed the compromise and gave 70 speeches in favor of it; however, he got too sick to continue.
what were the border states
Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, and West Virginia. These were slave states that bordered the free states during the Civil War.
What was the relationship with border states
border states were tied to the North economically but to the South politically and culturally
When was the Battle of Gettysburg fought?
July 1-3, 1863
Where was the Battle of Gettysburg fought
Gettysburg, Pennyslvania
Why is the Battle of Gettysburg significant
it marked the first major victory for the Union forces and ended General Lee’s second invasion to the North which forced the Confederacy to fight a more defensive war.
What caused a high number of casualties for the Union and Confederacy
General George Meade defended against Robert E. Lee’s attacks.
What speech is the Battle of Gettysburg tied to?
Lincolns famous Gettysburg Address delivered at the National Soldiers Cemetery 4 months after the war
when was the Siege of Vicksburg
May-July 1863 during the Civil War
Why was the Siege of Vicksburg so important?
it gave the Union control over the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in two
What was so special about Vicksburg, Mississippi
it was a heavily fortified city on the Mississippi River that was critical to the Confederacy’s supply lines
Who conducted a siege on Vicksburg
Union general US Grant and admiral DD Porter cut off its supplies
When did the Confederacy surrender in Vicksburg
July 4, 1863
How did the Confederacy separate after the siege of Vicksburg
the Western Confederacy separated from the rest and weakened the South’s ability to continue the war
Where did Lee surrender his army to Grant
Appomattox Court House- McLean House
When did Lee surrender to Grant
April 9, 1865
When did the Civil War end
April 9, 1865
What were the terms of surrender for Appomattox
Confederate soldiers could go back to their homes and keep their personal property
Why was the surrender at Appomattox so important?
it marked the end to four years of bloody conflict that divided the nationh
who died during the Civil War?
thousands of soldiers
What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act
each territory would decide the issue of slavery based on popular sovereignty
what did the Kansas-Nebraska Act lead to
the possibility of slavery in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, and later, the Civil War
What did John Brown do
raided a federal arsenal for guns/ammunition and thought that enslaved African Americans would join him there
What was John Browns intentions during the raid
to arm and lead a revolt, a slave uprising to instigate a major slave rebellion in the South
What happened instead of a slave uprising in the arsenal
General Lees troops killed 10 raiders and captured Brown.
Lincoln Douglas Debates results?
Douglas won
House divided speech results?
Lincoln gained popularity
when was the Dred Scott Ruling
1857
Why was the Dred Scott ruling important
it showed that Congress did not have the power to outlaw slavery in any territory, declared the Missouri Compromise Unconstitutional, and meant that enslaved African Americans could not find freedom in the US
what did the Dred Scott ruling cause
no part of the US was free of slavery, so the Democratic Party divided over the issue of slavery and it increased support for abolition in the North. It stated that Scott was still a slave and property.
Name 6 dangers to free African Americans in the South
Kidnapping and enslavement
2)segregation and discrimination
3)violence and lynchings
restrictions on civil liberties
economic exploitation
they could be re-enslaved
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