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what is an oxidation number
the number of electrons which must be added or removed to become neutral
what is the priority of oxidation number rules
F always -1
H = +1
O = -2
oxidation
loss of electrons
reduction
gains of electrons
disproportionation reaction
when a single element is both oxidised and reduced simultaneously
what is the order of steps in balancing half equations in acidic solution
balance atoms (not H or O)
balance O by adding H2O
balance H by adding H+
balance charge by adding electrons
what is the order of half equations in alkaline solutions
balance like you would in acidic
add OH- to both sides to make all the H+ water
reaction: chlorine + cold dilute NaOH
Cl2 + 2NaOH —> NaOCl + H2O + NaCl
reaction: chlorine + hot conc. NaOH
3Cl2 + 6NaOH —> NaOCl3 + 3H2O + 5NaCl