Marine Midterm

What portion of the Earth's surface is covered by the ocean?

71%

The edge of the continent where land meets water is ...

continental shelf

How many major ocean basins are there?

5

The bottom of most ocean basins are a flat ...

Plain

The continental shelf and the continental slope, together make up the ...

continental margin

A technique that uses sound waves to navigate, measure distances and communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the sea is ...

Sonar

Modern aged tools that we use now to assist with navigation first came about during what time period?

WW II

The area of the ocean that receives the greatest sunlight for photosynthesis is the ...

Photic zone

The upside down jellyfish depends on algae in its body for certain nutrients. The algae are protected by the jellyfish and supplied with nutrients. This relationship would be an example of ...

mutualism

The biotic factor that most influences life in the ocean is ...

predators

An organism that feeds on organic wastes and decaying material would be a(n) ...

detritivore

What is the cycle that explains the nutrients necessary for life that are available in limited supply and recycling?

Biogeochemical cycle

The specific place in the environment where an organism is found is called its ...

Habitat

The role that an organism plays in its living and nonliving environment defines its ...

niche

The ultimate source of energy for most of life in the ocean is ...

the sun

The most important primary producers in the marine ecosystems are ...

seaweeds

A large, sudden increase in a population is called a ...

bloom

The addition of new members to an environment is called ...

recruitment

A stable environment or a state of equilibrium is called ...

Homeostasis

Which organism below has the most amount of energy?
lettuce, fish, seal, or shark

lettuce

Compounds that release hydrogen ions when they dissolve in water are called ...

acids

Oxygen-minimum zone is an area where oxygen is depleted by resident animal life but not replaced by ...

photosynthesis

The Coriolis effect refers to ...

the apparent deflection of the path of air currents and ocean currents that results from earth and atmosphere and ocean water moving at different speeds

Ocean currents are produced by ...

winds

The restoring force for a large wave is ...

Gravity

Long-term, uniform waves that occur in the open and after storms are ...

swells

How salty is the sea water?

3.5%

The ocean holds more _______________ than any other gas.

carbon dioxide

How much of the incoming solar radiation is absorbed by earth's surface?

47%

Ocean currents are divided into 3 classes, the western boundary, eastern boundary and ....

transverse

Another name for easterlies near the equator are ...

prevailing easterlies

An imbalance of the amount of heat gained, to amount of heat lost into the atmosphere is ...

global warming

A slippery biological glue that holds cells of filaments together is ...

mucilage

Harmful microscopic algae blooms acting as neurotoxins are called ...

saxitoxins

Stramenopiles are united by their ...

different flagella

Which of the following is not an effect of a harmful algae bloom?

formation of deep sea sediments

Zooxanthellae are also known as ...

dinoflagellates

Fertilization preventing mechanisms include all of the following EXCEPT ...

temperature isolation

Marine microbes include organisms invisible to the naked eye, including all of the following except ...

invertebrates

What is a virion?

virus outside of the host

The lytic cycle differs from the lysogenic cycle because ...

the cell ruptures

What type of reproduction receives genetic information from only one parent?

asexual

Change in colors of pigment produced by a protist are decided by how the color is absorbed and reflected is refereed to as ...

chromatic adaptation

The domain Archaea has 2 more different nutritional types than the Bacteria domain. Which one of the following are found in the Archaea domain and not Bacteria?

chemosynthetic, photosynthetic, heterotrophic, or methanogens

methanogens

Nutritional types that can survive temps exceeding 100 degrees C are called ...

Hyperthermophiles

When fungi branches into tangles messes, that mess is referred to as a ...

Mycelium

Lichens have a mutalitsic association between their fungus and ...

algae

What are the hair-like filaments on a flagellum for movement called in a stramenopile?

mastigonemes

The third structure that protrudes between flaggellums on a stramenopile to aid in food consumption is called a ...

haptonema

What are the membranous sacs called that make up the inner cell wall of some Eukaryotes?

Alveoli

These Protozoans are known for their cytosomes, an organelle f/ permanent phagocytosis of food ...

Diatoms

True or False, Saxitoxins can be paralytic.

True

The body of multicellular algae is called?

thallus

Plants that live submerged beneath the water are called?

hydrohytes

Each of the following is an important ecological role of marine plants except ?
-improving water clarity
-stabilizing bottom sediments
-trapping nutrients
-providing habitats

improving water clarity

Seaweed bladders assist with buoyancy in the heavy surf and exposure to ?

sunlight

Flowering salt water seagrass, is also known as ?

halophytes

All of the following are examples of shore protection by Mangroves except?
-salinity
-low slope
-thick, leathery leaves
-high sediment

salinity

Seagrass stems have cylindrical sections called?

internodes

Conifers bear seeds in ?

structures

Half of the seagrass are found in the temperate zone waters. The other half are in the tropic and What zones?

subtropic

The algae that helps coral reefs stick together is the what algae?

red

A deflection of air from left to right over the ocean is known as the ...

Coriolis effect

Seaweed produces by a process called ...
-Fragmentation
-asexual
-sexual
-all of the above

all of the above

Purpose of seaweed is to ________________ and ____________________

protect, provide

one minute of latitude is equal to ..

one nautical mile

charts that use lines connecting points of similar depth to show the physical characteristics of the ocean bottom are called ..

bathymetric charts

The outermost layer of the Earth is called ..

crust

What is a predator that keeps the ecosystem in balance called?

keystone preditor

The area of the ocean that receives the greatest sunlight for photosynthesis is the ..

photic zone

The biotic factor that most influences life in the ocean is ..

predation

An organsim that feeds on organic wastes and decaying material would be a(n) ..

detritivore

A zygote is a ..

fertilized cell

Plants amd animals that live on artificial surfaces are called ..

fouling communities

A surface layering of the leaf is called the ...

epidermis

Which of the 4 oceans below are NOT considered 1 of the 4 major oceans
- atlantic
-pacific
-arctic
-austrailian

austrailian

The ocean basin consists of thick sediment and ...

mud

A mixture of iron rich particles from outer space found in the ocean are called ..

cosmogeneous

Waves that crest on the ocean's surface are ..

breakers

When an organism goes beyond its stress zones and cannot survive, this is referred as ..

zones of intolerance

Organisms of benthic include epifauna and ..

infuana

All of the following are included in the benthic division except ..
- intertidal zone
-abyssal zone
-photic zone
-bathyal

photic zone

Which marine zone is nicknamed the twilight zone?

disphotic

This algae has the most types of species.

red

Which best describes viviparous germination?

seeds develop into offspring while still attached to the parent plant

What is the name of 0 degrees longitude?

Prime Meridian

The deep ocean floor is composed of ..

basalt

fouling community

assemblage of organisms that grow on an intertidal or submerged artificial structure

Deflection of air from left to right over the ocean

Coriolanus effect

Seaweed production methods

1. Fragmentation
2. Asexual
3. Sexual

Purpose of seaweed is to __________ and __________

Protect and provide

One minute of latitude is equal to

one nautical mile

Charts that use lines connecting points of similar depth to show the physical characteristics of the ocean bottom

Bathymetric charts

The outermost layer of the earth

crust

Predator that keeps the ecosystem in balance

Keystone predator

The area of the ocean that receives the greatest sunlight for photosynthesis

Photic zone

The biotic factor that most influences life in the ocean

Predation

An organism that feeds on decaying material and organic waste

Detritivore

Zygote

fertilized egg

A surface layering of a leaf

Epidermis