computer science illuminated ch.4

semiconductor

material such as silicon that is neither a good conductor nor a good insulator

circuit equivalance

the same output for each corresponding input value combination for two circuits

half adder

a circuit that computes the sum of two bits and produces the appropriate carry bit

combinational circuit

a circuit whose output is solely determined by its input value

sequential circuit

a circuit whose output is a function of its input values and the current state of the circuit

multiplexer

a circuit that uses a few input control signals to determine which of several input data lines is routed to its output

circuit

a combination of interacting gates designed to accomplish a specific logical function

Boolean algebra

a mathematical notation for expressing two values logical functions

truth table

a table showing all possible input values and the associated output values

logical diagram

a graphical representation of a circuit; each type of gate has its own symbol

integrated circuit (chip)

a piece of silicon on which multiple gates have been embedded

transistor

a device that acts either as a wire or a resistor, depending on the voltage level of an input signal

gate

a device that performs a basic operation on electrical signals, accepting one or more input signals are producing a single output signal

adder

a electronic circuit that performs an addition operation on binary values

full adder

a circuit that computes the sum of two bits, taking an input carry bit into account

who invented boolean algebra?

george boole

what are transistors made of?

semiconductors material

grounded electrical signal

-allowed to flow through an alternative route to the ground, with no harm
-reduced to 0 volts

3 terminals of a transistor

-source,base and emitter

Demorgan law states what?

inverting the output of an AND gate is equivalent to inverting the individual signals first and then passing them through an OR gate
-Inverting the output of an OR gate is equivalent to inverting both signals first and then passing them through an AND gate

demultiplexer

opposite operation of multiplexer; takes output and routes it to input combo

number of gates in small-scale integration(SSI)?

1 to 10

Medium-scale integration number of gates?

10 to 100

Large-scale integration number of gates?

100 to 100,000

Very-large scale integration number of gates?

more than 100,000

How can a chip have more than 100,000 gates?

They aren't independent and many gates are combined to form complex combinations of circuits

The _______ is an advanced circuit w/ input and output lines

CPU

s-r latch

memory circuit where it only stores a single binary digit
-guarantees that outputs are complements of eachother
-maintains value is both S and R are 1