his test 3

philosophy

study of fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence; an academic discipline

religion

belief in a greater being or force; practices and ritual, trying to attain peace and good favor

Hinduism

Brahma=creator, Vishnu=protector, Shiva=destroyer; Nirvana, Dharma, Samsara/rebirth, karma, Mokhsa/release from cycle

Buddism

Siddhartha Gautama, Enlightened One. 4 noble truths, 8-fold path, nirvana

4 noble truths of Buddism

inevetible suffering, suffering has a cause, suffering has an end, end to suffering is in the 8-fold path

8-fold path

right view-know the truth; right mindfulness-control thoughts; right effort-resist evil; right concentration-meditation; right intention-free mind of evil; right livelihood-don’t harm others; right speech-abstain from idle chatter; right action-acting on intention

Sikhism

Guru Nanak; focuses on selflessness and brotherhood, uniting with God; text=Guru Granth Sahid

Shamanism

god=Tengri; Shamans are wise people who are the link between humans and spirits/gods

Shintoism

Kami (Sacred Spirits), Amaterasu=sun goddess; believe that sacred and divine essences manifest in nature and people

Zoroastrianism

god=Ahura Masda, prophet=Zoroaster; belief in existence and struggle between good and evil, which is called duality

Judaism

god=Yaweh; 10 Commandments, Torah, Abraham=founder

Christianity

Holy Trinity; love God above all, and love neighbor as self

Islam

god=Allah, prophet=Mohammed; 5 pillars-fast, almsgiving, pray 5 times a day, declaration of faith, pilgrimige to Mecca

Taoism/Daoism

Lao Tzo=founder; The Way-action through non-action; text=Tao te Ching

Jainism

Mahavira; Ahimsa-compassion for all things

Confucianism

founder=Confucius; filial piety, golden rule

Legalism

founder=Han Feizi; humans are inherently evil, Confucian morality does not apply to humans, strict laws and punishment are necessary

Animism

god=Soul-spirit found in all things; respect and value for nature, foundation for indigenous peoples’ perspectives

geography in Greece

mountains and islands

Aegean Sea

used to travel from city to city in Greece

Mount Olympus

home of the gods in Greece

Poleis

Greek city-states

Athens

democracy

Sparta

oligarchy; council of elders-proposed laws; assembly-elected officials who voted; 2 kings that command military; military-boys sent to train at the age of 7, required to serve from 20-60, strongest Greek army; woman-supposed to be healthy and strong to take care of city when men are gone

Greco-Persian Wars

2 different conflicts between 490-479 B, lasted for over 50 years between Persia and Poleis

Peloponnesian Wars

Athens vs Sparta 431-405 BC, Sparta won and power shifted to them; both times between Delian vs Peloponnesian League

Alexander the Great

hellenistic period, tried to expand Greek culture; started with Helen of Troy