Old Imperialism ID Quiz

Christopher Columbus

Italian navigator who attempted to find a westward route to Asia under the sponsorship of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain; first European to discover the New World.

Columbian Exchange

was the extensive movements of plants, animals, diseases, and peoples between the Old and New Worlds after Columbus made his famous voyage in 1492.

Conquistadores

Spanish 'conqueror' or soldier in the New World. They were searching for the 3-G's: gold, God, and glory.

Smallpox

A highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, weakness, and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs; responsible for killing Native Americans.

Encomienda

an institution where recruitment of labor came through; it gave Spanish settlers (encomenderos) the right to compel Tainos to work in their mines/fields but also the responsibility of looking after their worker's health and welfare and to encourage their conversion to Christianity.

Transatlantic slave trade

The brutal system of trading African Slaves from Africa to the Americas. It changed the economy, politics, and environment. It affected Africa, Europe, and America. It implies that slaves were used for cash crops and created a whole new economy.

Hernan Cortes

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)
Significance: Overthrowing of Moctezuma II led to an Axtec rebellion in which they took prisoners for sacrifice and forced the spanish to flee.

Francisco Pizarro

Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541)
Significance: Wanted riches and killed Atahualpa for it.

Treaty of Tordesillas

a 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.

Viceroy

They were the Spanish king's representatives in the Americas; they governed two main centers of authority in the Americas (Mexico and Peru) established by Spanish administrators.

Audiencias

Royal court of appeals established in Spanish colonies of New World; there were ten in each viceroyalty; part of colonial administrative system; staffed by professional magistrates.

Creoles

Descendents of Spanish-born BUT born in Latin America; resented inferior social, political, economic status

Peninsulares

People living in the New World Spanish colonies but born in Spain.

Castas

American social system based on racial origins; Europeans or whites at the top,mized races in the middle, black slaves or native americans at the bottom.

Jacques Cartier

1491-1557 French explorer who began the first of his voyages to Canada in search of the NorthWest Passage. During his second voyage, 1535-1536, Cartier sailed up the St. Lawrence River as far as the present site of Quebec city.

New France

French colonies in North America; extended from St. Lawrence River along Great lakes and down Mississippi River valley system.

John Cabot

- 1497.
- sailed for England.
- claimed land in Canada (thought it was Asia), second voyage failed he went MIA, he got glory from King because claiming land helped England rise to power.

Jamestown

The first successful settlement in the Virginia colony founded in May, 1607. Harsh conditions nearly destroyed the colony but in 1610 supplies arrived with a new wave of settlers.

London Company

A joint stock company headquartered in England own Jamestown.

Tobacco

A plant integral to the indigenous societies of the Americas when smoked, releases 'Feels good' chemicals in the brain.

Indentured servitude

This became widespread in the English colonies of North America. This was someone who contracted to work for an employer without pay for a set number of years in exchange for passage to America.

Henry Hudson

An English explorer who explored for the Dutch. He claimed the Hudson River around present day New York and called it New Netherland. He also had the Hudson Bay named for him. Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle.

Sunni Ali

the first king of the Songhai Empire, located in west Africa and the 15th ruler of the Sonni dynasty. Under Sunni Ali's rule and cavalry many cities were captured and then strengthen, such as Timbuktu (captured in 1468) and Djenné (captured in 1475).

Vasco da Gama

Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India,
Significance: Opened an important commercial sea route. And established Portugal in India

Triangular trade

Trade system in which goods (such as weapons or liquor) were transported from Europe to Africa in exchange for gold and slaves, who were brought to the New World and whose products there (such as tobacco) were brought back to Europe.

Barracoons

Holding pens used to gather African Slaves prior to transport.

Middle Passage

The stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from Africa were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade.

African Diaspora

The communities throughout the world that are descended from the historic movement of peoples from Africa, predominantly to the Americas, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, among other areas around the globe.

Polygyny

A polygamous mating system involving one male and many females.

Abolition

the action or an act of formally putting an end to a system, practice, or institution
Significance: The abolition movement was the campaign against slavery and the slave trade.
Time Period: In 1807, Britain became the first European power to abolish the slave trade.

St. Domingue

The Saint-Domingue Society was predominately slaves and gens de couleur which foreshadowed the first and only successful slave revolt in history.

Creole

A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.