UNIT 5 REVIEW Agriculture ANSWER KEY

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20 Terms

1

Agriculture

The deliberate modification of Earthā€™s surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain.

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2

Commercial Farming

The production of food primarily for sale off the farm.

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3

First Agricultural Revolution

The Neolithic Revolution, marking the shift from hunting and gathering to plant and animal domestication.

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4
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8

Intensive Subsistence

Farmers expend large effort to produce maximum yield from a parcel of land, common in areas of high density.

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9

Mixed Crop & Livestock Farming

Integration of crops and livestock, with most crops fed to animals rather than consumed directly by humans.

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10

Grain Farming

Growing crops primarily for human consumption, with a focus on grains like wheat, corn, and oats.

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11

Livestock Farming

Commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area, often on semi-arid or arid land where vegetation is sparse.

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12

Mediterranean Agriculture

Farming in lands bordering the Mediterranean Sea in Southern Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia, focusing on crops for human consumption and horticulture.

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14

Ester Boserupā€™s Theory

Theory stating that population change drives agricultural production intensity, countering Malthusian theory and emphasizing innovation in food production.

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15

Modern Agriculture

Industrialized production of livestock, poultry, fish, and crops with benefits like cheap food but drawbacks including environmental and social costs.

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16

Agribusiness

Commercial agriculture integrated by large corporations, involving different steps in the food-processing industry.

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17

Sustainable Agriculture

Farming in ways that meet present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs, focusing on environmental sustainability.

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18

Challenges for Farmers

Subsistence and commercial farmers face challenges like increasing food demand, market power shifts, and preserving agricultural resources.

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19

Famine & Malnutrition

Hunger periods with severe food insecurity, malnutrition due to lack of proper nutrition, and strategies to increase food supply.

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