Anatomy Study Guide

Where does the spinal cord end?

The spinal cord ends at the medullary cone (Conus Medullaris).

True or False: The elbow is a ball-and-socket joint.

False: The elbow is a hinge joint.

Almost all sensory signals pass through which structure on the way to the cerebrum?

Thalamus

True or False: The biceps brachii flexes the elbow and shoulder and pronates the forearm.

False: The biceps brachii supinates the forearm, not pronates.

Which connective tissue sheath surrounds an individual muscle fascicle?

Perimysium

Which muscle helps to form a smile?

Zygomaticus major

Which muscle is in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Semimembranosus

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

Phrenic nerve

True or False: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease.

True

Which muscle is most involved in shoulder adduction?

Latissimus dorsi

Which glial cell myelinates axons in the CNS?

Oligodendrocytes

The fibular and tibial collateral ligaments restrict side-to-side movement of which joint?

The knee

The right and left cerebral hemispheres are joined mainly by which structure?

Corpus callosum

Which type of muscle tissue do you have voluntary control over?

Skeletal muscle

Which abdominal muscle has inferomedial pointing fibers?

External oblique

Which muscle is NOT part of the rotator cuff?

Subclavius

Which muscle is most important for kissing?

Orbicularis oris

Which cranial nerve is mispaired?

XI - Accessory

Which muscle does NOT extend the knee?

Biceps femoris

What shape would you classify a muscle that is tapered at the ends and thick in the middle?

Fusiform

From superficial to deep, the meninges occur in what order?

Dura mater → Arachnoid mater → Pia mater

Which muscle produces chewing movements?

Temporalis

What would be the effect of damage to Cranial Nerve VII?

Sagging facial muscles

Which muscles dorsiflex the foot?

Tibialis anterior

Which structure is NOT a lobe of the cerebrum?

Cerebellum

True or False: Direct muscle attachments refer to tendons attaching muscle to bone.

False – Direct attachments occur when muscle fibers connect directly to the bone.

What is the action of the supinator?

Turns the palm upward (supination).

Which connective tissue forms a sheath around individual axons in a nerve?

Endoneurium.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease attacking the __________ in the joint.

synovial membrane.

What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration?

It contracts and becomes flatter.

Which of the following is considered to be a myofibril contractile protein?

Myosin.

Which part of the brain is most involved with emotion?

The limbic system.

Which muscle extends and abducts the thigh?

Gluteus maximus.

Neurons that have one axon and one dendrite are structurally classified as what?

Bipolar

All muscle types will respond to an electrical stimulus because all muscle cells are __________.

Excitable.

What effect does a spinal cord injury below T1 likely result in?

Paraplegia.

Which cranial nerve is both motor and sensory?

Vagus (X).

While standing, if you bend at the waist to touch your toes, which muscle helps straighten your spine?

Erector spinae.

What property of neurons allows for the release of neurotransmitters?

Secretion.

As it relates to muscles, what is a synergist?

A muscle that stabilizes a joint during movement.

What structure does cerebrospinal fluid flow through as it passes from the third to the fourth ventricle?

Cerebral aqueduct.

In skeletal muscle, the term that describes alternating light and dark bands is __________.

Striations.

What action occurs at the shoulders when a person shrugs?

Elevation.

True or False: When you dorsiflex, your foot points down at the ankle.

False.

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

31.

Which of the following marks the boundaries of a sarcomere?

Z discs.

Which of the following is not part of the brainstem?

Thalamus.

The posterior cruciate ligament is part of which joint?

Tibiofemoral joint (knee).

True or False: Anterior compartment muscles of the forearm flex the fingers.

True.

What type of tract in the spinal cord carries information from the brain?

Descending.