8.1 Structure of the Immune System Diagram | Quizlet

Group A Streptococcus, Clostridium Perfringens, and MRSA

Types of bacteria that can cause necrotizing fasciitis.

Superantigen

An antigen that activates many different T-cells, thereby eliciting a large immune response.

Superinfection

Infection on top of an infection.

Necrotizing Fasciitis

Dangerous not only because of the bacteria and subsequent inflammatory response, but also because the nonspecific immune defense that destroys the skin leaves the body susceptible to superinfection.

TERM

Innate Immune System

DEFINITION

Composed of defenses that are always active against infection, but lack the ability to target specific invaders over others.

TERM

Adaptive Immune System

DEFINITION

Refers to the defenses that target a specific pathogen. It can maintain a memory of pathogens it has previously been exposed to.

Bone Marrow

Site of production for all leukocytes.

Spleen

A location of blood storage and activation of B-cells, which turn into plasma cells to produce antibodies as part of adaptive immunity.

B-Cells

Turn into plasma cells in the spleen and they then produce antibodies for the adaptive immune system.

Humoral Immunity

The plasma cells secrete antibodies as part of adaptive immunity and the antibodies dissolve and act in the blood.

T-Cells

Another class of adaptive immune cells which mature in the thymus.

Thymus

A small gland just in front of the pericardium where T-cells mature.

Cell-Mediated Immunity

T-cells are agents of this because they coordinate the immune system and directly kill virally infected cells.

Lymph Nodes

Provide a place for immune cells to communicate and coordinate an attack.

Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

An additional type of immune tissue found near the gut, which is a common site of invasion.

Tonsils and Adenoids

Another type of excess immune tissue found in the head to fight off infection.

Peyer's Patches

Structures in the small intestine that are considered additional immune tissue. They are involved in the response against invaders to the digestive tract.

Appendix

Anatomical structure that houses lymphoid aggregates and counts as additional immune tissue for the digestive tract.

Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

The two groups of leukocytes.

Granules

Presence indicates if a leukocyte is granular or not. These contain toxic enzymes and chemicals which can be released by exocytosis to protect the cell from bacteria, fungi, parasites, etc.

Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Precursors to all blood cells, including both types of leukocytes.

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils

The different types of granulocytes.

Lymphocytes and Monocytes

The different types of agranulocytes.

Lymphocytes

Responsible for antibody production, immune system modulation, and targeted killing of infected cells.

Monocytes

Phagocytic cells in the bloodstream that are considered agranulocytes.

Macrophages

Monocytes are renamed this when they enter the tissue.

Microglia

Special name for macrophages in the central nervous system.

Langerhans Cells

Special name for macrophages in the skin.

Osteoclasts

Special name for macrophages in the bone.

Nonspecific Immune Response

Innate immunity, which refers to the responses cells can carry out without learning.

Specific Immune Response

Adaptive immunity, which is developed as immune cells learn to recognize and respond to particular antigens.

Divisions of the Specific Immune System

Humoral immunity is driven by B-cells, and cell-mediated immunity is provided by T-cells.