Histo Exam 3

components of saliva

glycoproteins (mucin), proteins (gustin and enzymes), ions, immunoglobulins

Which of the following sensory mechanoreceptors can be seen in the histological image?

pacinian corpuscle

what type of burn is this?

3rd degree, full thickness

which of the following skin regions has been infiltrated by inflammatory cells (lymphocytes)?

which junctional complex of the epidermis has been impacted?

desmosomes

what is the pathological condition? on A

basal cell carcinoma

what do the numbers represent?

1) Corneum 2) Lucidum 3) Granulosum 4) Spinosum 5) Basale

where is this tissue located?

esophagus

where is this tissue located?

middle of esophagus. notice presence of skeletal and smooth muscle

what do the letters represent?

A: mucosa B: submucosa C: muscularis externa D: adventita/serosa

what organ is this from? and what are the numbers

stomach. 1) gastric pit 2) gastric gland star is the muscularis mucosa, 4) submucosa

what is the pathological condition?

stomach ulcer

main function of saliva

facilitates swallowing, moisten oral epithelium, neutralize plaque acid, oral immunity

exocrine glands

transport via ducts

serous cells

high protein, low carb. stain deeply

serous cells appearance

triangle profile, eosinophilic secretory granules at apex. basophilic nucleus

mucous cells

what type of cells are shown?

mucous cells

serous cells

serous cells

mucous cells

low protein, high carb. greater emphasis on lubrication

mucous cells appearance

pale and eosinophilic. pyramidal, wide base w/ nucleus

mucous cells

endpieces

collection of salivary cells with just the saliva producing cells in aggregates

acinus

group of serous cells. resembles a raspberry. apical surfaces of cells face lumen. where acinus ends, exocrine ducts begin

tubules

group of mucous cells

outer layer of acinus

basal membrane that secludes from surrounding tissues

serous acini

mucous tubules

serous acini

what is the structure?

mixed mucous and serous

what are the structures?

lobe and lobule

the stroma

outer connective tissue capsule (beige). surrounds and penetrates salivary tissues. divides gland into lobes and lobules

what is the structure?

mucous tubules

what is the structure?

parotid lobule

what is the structure?

dense ct parotid capsule

intralobular

ducts found within lobules, within parenchyma. can be intercalated or striated

interlobular

leaves parenchyma. excretory duct aka collecting duct

order of duct movement

intercalated disk → striated duct → excretory duct

intercalated disk

smaller than acinus/tubule. short cuboidal cells. nuclei fill cells. narrow lumen

striated duct

tall columnar cells. bands of mitochondria. central nuclei, wide lumen

what is the structure?

intercalated duct

what is the structure?

striated duct

saliva initially _____ to blood plasma, then becomes _______

isotonic, hypertonic

what is the structure?

excretory ducts

excretory ducts

within CT, outside of lobes. distinct columnar epithelium. sometimes stratified, sometimes pseudostratified

what is the structure?

parotid gland

parotid gland

almost completely serous

submandibular gland

serous and mucous cells. telltale indicator is demilunes which are serous crescent moons adjacent to mucous tubules

what is the structure?

demilune of submandibular gland

what is the structure?

mucous tubule

what is the structure?

mucous tubules with serous demilunes

what is the structure?

mucous tubules with serous demilunes

what is the structure?

mucous tubules with serous demilunes

what type of gland?

sublingual gland

sublingual gland

exclusively mucous cells

myoepithelial cells

surround acini and intercalated disk. stellate cells w processes. flat nuclei, stained brown. provides contractile support and innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic

what is the structure?

myoepithelial cells

what is the structure?

elongated nucleus of myoepithelial cells

what is the structure?

myoepithelial cell on a mucous tubule

what is the structure?

myoepithelial cells

what is the gland?

parotid gland

what type of duct?

striated duct

what is the structure?

striated to the left, intercalated duct on the right

identify the duct

excretory duct

what ducts are pictured?

intercalated ducts

what is the hardest substance in the body?

teeth

enamel rods

extend from DEJ to outer surface of crown. diameter inc towards outer surface

what is bw rods?

interrod enamel

dentin

rigid (harder than bone and cementum), elastic (softer than enamel). 70% hydroxyapatite, 20% collagen, 10% water. protects the whole tooth structure unlike enamel. can regenerate

tubules

pulpal surface to dentinoenamel and DEJ. contain processes of odontoblasts and dentinal fluid. sigmoid course, aka primary curve

primary dentin

first to form. 2 subdivisions

mantle dentin

outermost later of primary. at DEJ. larger diameter collagen fibrils here

secondary dentin

borders pulp. bulk of primary dentin. more mineralized than mantle. s curve found here

predentin

innermost layer. non mineralized. adjacent to odontoblasts

tertiary dentin

reparative response to damage (cavities, restorative procedures). more rapid=more irregular

pulp

specialized connective tissue. predominantly fibroblasts (GAGs, collagen fibers). support matrix for neurovasculature

cell free zone nerves

nerves, capillaries

cell rich zone

fibroblasts, leucocytes

parietal layer

nervous plexus. unmyelinated axons may terminate among odontoblasts or continue into tubules

where is there a pathway for infection?

root canals- connect pulp chamber with periodontal tissues

cementum

thin layer of calcified tissue lining root. seals surface of root dentin and open dentin tubules. softer than dentin. large collagen content

acellular cementum

adjacent to root, seems structureless

cellular cementum

found closer to root apex. resembles bone, cementoblasts are trapped in matrix then turn to cementocytes. have canaliculi

PDL

dense fibrous connective tissue. bw root and alveolus. continuous w gingiva and dental pulp

PDL functions

resists displacing forces, maintains tooth position, repairs alveolar bone and cementum, provides feedback

alveolar bone

tooth socket, hold teeth in place, respond to changes in teeth. mediate forces applied by mastication. spongy bone

cortical layer of bone

lamina dura. lines socket and is where PDL attaches

free gingiva

narrow rim of mucosa, not bound to hard tissue

free gingival groove

border structure bw attached and free

attached gingiva

directly bound to tooth and alveolar bone. masticatory mucosa: comes into contact w food. keratinized epithelium. dense, relatively avascular lamina propria. long, narrow pegs

sulcular gingiva

parakeratinized epithelium

junctional epithelium

thin, nonkeratinized

alveolar mucosa

extends from border of gingiva to buccal and labial sulci. thin, nonkeratinized epithelium

respiratory surface epithelium

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar. contain goblet cells that secrete mucous

lamina propria of respiratory surface

arteries, extensive venous plexus

masticatory epithelium

protective and masticatory function. resists abrasion, extreme temp, and laceration

epithelial layers of hard palate

basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum