Lab 10: The Brain and Spinal Cord

What are the three parts of a neuron and their functions?

1. Soma:

2. Axon:

3. Dendrite:

epidural space

gray matter of the spinal cord

anterior horn

white matter of spinal cord

gray commisure

anterior root

anterior rootless

posterior root

posterior rootless

dura matter

olfactory tracts

optic nerves (II)

optic chiasm

optic tract

olfactory nerve (I)

optic nerve (II)

oculomotor nerve (III)

trochlear nerve (IV)

trigeminal nerve (V)

abducens nerve (VI)

facial nerve (VII)

vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

vagus nerve (X)

Accessory nerve (XI)

hypoglossal nerve (XII)

pons

Pons

medulla oblongata

midbrain

thalamus

hypothalamus

mammillary body

mamillary bodies

pineal gland

left cerebral hemisphere

What is a gyrus (gyri)?

folds in the brain matter

What is a sulcus (sulci)?

shallow grooves that separate the gyri

longitudinal fissure

central sulcus

lateral sulcus

parieto-occipital sulcus

frontal lobe

parietal lobe

occipital lobe

occipital lobe

temporal lobe

white matter

corpus callosum

corpus callosum

gray matter

septum pellucidum

basal nuclei

lenticular nucleus

lateral ventricle

choroid plexuses

interventricular foramen

third ventricle

cerebral aqueduct

fourth ventricle

cerebellum

What is the vermis?

connects the hemispheres of the cerebellum

What are folia?

the folds on the cerebellum (the grooves are called sulci like the rest of the brain)

What is the epidural space?

the space in between the spine and the dural sheath, filled with blood vessles, adipose tissue, and loose connective tissue

What is the dural sheath?

loose fitting sleeve of dura matter around the spinal cord, iimm

What is the arachnoid membrane?

made of arachnoid matter,

What is the subarachnoid space?

the gap between the arachnoid membrane and the pia matter

What is pia matter?

the deepest layer of the spinal chord

What is A?

posterior horn of gray matter

What is B?

lateral horn of gray matter

What is C?

anterior horn of gray matter

What is A?

posterior column of white matter

What is B?

lateral column of white matter

What is C?

anterior column of white matter

What is A?

Posterior median sulcus

What is B?

anterior median fissure

posterior root ganglion

posterior root ganglion

anterior ramus

What is A?

anterior ramus

What is B?

posterior ramus

What is C?

communicating ramus

What is A?

soma

What is B?

dendrites

What is C?

axon hillock

What do the axon hillock and initial segment makeup?

trigger zone

What is A?

endonerium

What is B?

schwann cell

What is C?

myelin sheath

What is D?

internode

What is E?

initial segment

What is A?

neurilemma

What is B?

axon (nerve fiber)

What is C?

node of ranvier

Name all 12 cranial nerves (in order) and their basic functions:

I. olfactory nerve: sense of smell

II. optic nerve: vision

III. oculomotor nerve: opening, moving eyes, adjusting pupil width

IX. trochlear nerve: looking down, move eyes towards/away from the nose

V. trigeminal nerve: sensation in eyes, face, inside of mouth, chewing food

VI. abducens nerve: moving eyes left to right

VII. facial nerve: controls muscles of facial expression, provides taste in part of tongue

VIII. vestibulocochlear nerve: hearing, balance

IX. glossopharyngeal nerve: taste sensations, swallowing muscles, it has parasynthetic nerve fibers that control blood pressure regulation and saliva production

X. vagus nerve: digestion, blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, mood, saliva, etc, main nerve of the parasympathetic nervous system

XI. accessory nerve: shoulder and neck movements

XII. hypoglossal nerve: tongue movement (speaking, eating, swallowing)