PI 100 - "Concepts of Nationalism"

The root of nationalism for Asian countries is reaction from colonialism whereas for Western countries it is intellectual. A manifestation of the latter’s nationalism is the occupation of other states.

How did nationalism germinate for Asian and Western countries?

1. First Reich (Holy Roman Empire) - King Charlemagne

2. Second Reich (German Empire) - Wilhem Kaiser II

3. Third (Nazi Germany) - Adolf Hitler

What are the three Reichs and their respective leaders?

1. Sentimental Appeal

   a. Personal - Rebellion (1565) and GOMBURZA (1872)
   b. Sectoral - GOMBURZA (1872)

2. Conceptual Appeal

   a. National - Reform movement (1882) and Revolution movement (1892 - 1901)

Enumerate the different appeals and levels of Filipino nationalism. Indicate the respective period.

The French Revolution resulted in liberalism. This liberalism movement carried over to Spain where a parliamentary government or cortes was established along with monarchy. Secularism rose with more secular seminaries. Jesuits and Dominicans were against this and plotted to assassinate the king. They were banned and exiled so they went to Russia under Queen Catherine. After the ban was lifted, secular priests in the Philippines (mostly Filipinos) fought with regular priests (mostly Spaniards) for administration of the parochial church. This movement would come to be known as the Filipinization of the churches.

Briefly provide the larger historical background of the reform movement.

1. Equality of the Philippines before the law

2. Assimilation of the Philippines as a province

3. Restoration of Philippine representation in the Spanish cortes

4. Filipinization of the churches

5. Granting of individual liberties (speech, press, grievances, etc.)

What are the five aims of the reform movement?

It failed because of financial issues, internal politics in Spain, and conflict between reform members (Rizal vs. Del Pilar began during election of leaders)

Why did the Reform movement fail?

1. Horatio de la Costa, S.J.

2. Alejandro Lichauco

3. Claro M. Recto

Who are the three individuals whose concept of nationalism are being discussed?

It is loyalty and devotion to a nation. It is a sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on the promotion of its culture and interest as opposed to those of other nations or supranational groups.

What is nationalism?

1. H - A particular concept of what the nation is, what values it embodies or represents, and what course or courses of action, what postures and policies these values demand or imply

2. A - It is a power that has moved people to forge nations where there were none and prodded them to exceptional achievements

3. C - Growing and deepening consciousness that a group of people are distinct; it is a firm belief in the genius of a race and in the capacity of people for advancement toward the attainment of their destiny

What are the different concepts of nationalism according to each author?

Independence (June 12, 1898)

What is the product of nationalism?

Patriotism

What maintains independence?

1. Castille

2. Asturias

3. Cataluna

4. Seville

What were the then four provinces of Spain during the Reform movement?

1898 - 1946

When is the period of the war of independence?

1. sentiment

2. feeling

3. Horatio de la Costa, S.J.

“Nationalism is not only a ____ or ____ for one’s nation.” - ____