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How many chambers does the heart have?
Four
Where is the heart situated?
Middle Mediastinum
What angle does the heart sit at?
45
Two Collecting Chambers
Atria
Two Pumping Chambers
Ventricles
Sac surrounding heart and roots of great vessels
Pericardium
Tough external layer of pericardium
Fibrous Pericardium
What 3 things make up the Serous Pericardium
Parietal Pericardium, Pericardial Cavity, Epicardium
Lines internal surface of fibrous pericardium
Parietal Pericardium
Contains lubricating serous fluid
Pericardial Cavity
Outer layer of heart
Epicardium
What are the three layers of the heart
Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
Thin, smooth, outer layer
Epicardium
Thick muscular layer
Myocardium
Thin endothelial lining
Endocardium
Aortic Valve
Ascending Aorta
Chordae Tendineae
Inferior Vena Cava
Left Atrium
Left Pulmonary Artery
Left Pulmonary Veins
Left Ventricle
Main Pulmonary Artery
Mitral Valve
Papillary Muscle
Pulmonary Valve
Right Atrium
Right Pulmonary Arteries
Right Pulmonary Veins
Right Ventricle
Superior Vena Cava
Tricuspid Valve
(BF) Inferior Vena Cava & Superior Vena Cava into -
Right Atrium
(BF) Right Atrium through Tricuspid Valve into -
Right Ventricle
(BF) Right Ventricle through Pulmonary Valve to -
Lungs
(BF) From Lungs through Pulmonary veins into -
Left Atrium
(BF) Left Atrium through Mitral Valve into -
Left Ventricle
(BF) Left Ventricle through Aortic Valve into -
Aorta
Receives deoxygenated blood from the entire body via the IVC and SVC
Right Atrium
Valve comprised of three leaflets allows blood to flow only from the right atrium to the right ventricle
Tricuspid Valve
Strong fibrous connections between the valve leaflets and the papillary muscles - prevent leaflets from moving backwards into atrium
Chordae Tendineae
Small muscles arising from walls of left and right ventricles - contract simultaneously with ventricles and prevent prolapse of valves into atria
Papillary Muscles
Pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs
Right Ventricle
Valve comprised of 3 cusps and separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary Valve
Transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
Main Pulmonary Artery
Carry oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Pulmonary Veins
Receives oxygen rich blood from the pulmonary veins
Left Atrium
Comprised of two leaflets - allows bloodflow from left atrium to left ventricle
Mitral Valve
Pumps oxygenated blood to the body via the aorta
Left Ventricle
Comprised of three leaflets - allows blood flow from the left ventricle into the ascending aorta
Aortic Valve
Supply blood to the cardiac muscle
Coronary Arteries
What is the origin of the coronary arteries
Aortic Root
What does the left coronary artery bifurcate into
Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD)
Left Circumplex Artery (Cx)
What are the 4 views of cardiac ultrasound
Parasternal Long Axis (PLAX)
Parasternal Short Axis (PSAX)
Apical 4 Chamber
Subxiphoid 4 chamber
Where does the indicator point in PLAX view
Towards patients right shoulder at 10
Where is the apex of the heart in a PLAX view
To the Left
Name that Image View
PLAX
What does PLAX stand for?
Parasternal Long Axis
What does PSAX stand for?
Parasternal Short Axis
Where is the indicator on a PSAX view
Towards Patient’s Left Shoulder at 2
Where is transducer for PSAX
To left of sternum in 3rd or 4th space
PSAX: Images taken at level of Aortic Valve →
Mercedes Benz
PSAX: Images taken at level of Mitral Valve →
Fish Mouth
Where is the transducer for an Apical Four Chamber view
In 4th or 5th rib space
Where is the indicator for an Apical Four Chamber view
Towards Left shoulder to 2-3
Where is the sound beam angled to in the Apical Four Chamber view
Towards the patient’s head
Endocardium
Epicardium
Fibrous Layer
Myocardium
Parietal Pericardium
Pericardial Cavity
Serous Pericardium
Visceral Pericardium
Aorta
Aortic Valve
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Mitral Valve
Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Valve
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Tricuspid Valve
Aorta
Aortic Valve
Inferior Vena Cava
Left Atrium
Left Pulmonary Veins
Left Ventricle
Mitral Valve
Pulmonary Valve
Right Atrium
Right Pulmonary Arteries
Right Pulmonary Veins
Right Ventricle
Superior Vena Cava
Tricuspid Valve
Anterior Mitral Valve Leaflet
Note
Flashcard