1.3 chemical calculations

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moles, concentrations, gas equations.

12 Terms

1

Moles definition

One mole of any substance contains the same number of particles as there are atoms of C-12 in exactly 12g Carbon-12.

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2

Formulae for actual number of particles.

amount in moles = number of particles/ Avogadro’s number.

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3

formulae for moles

Moles = Mass/ Mr

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4

formula for percentage composition.

% = total Ar of element/total Mr of compound x 100

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5

formula for mass of element

mass of element = Ar of element/ Mr of compound x mass of compound

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6

Formulae for % yield

% yield = actual mass of product/ maximum mass of product x 100

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7

Formula for atom economy

atom economy = mass required of product/mass of reactants or products x 100

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8

Formula for moles in liquids

n = concentration (mol dm-3) x volume (dm-3)

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9

The formula for moles in gases when conditions are:

25 C → 1 atm

0 C → 1 atm

n = volume / molar volume

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10

Ideal gas equation

PV = nRT

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11

What do the symbols in PV = nRT stand for?

  • P = Pascals

  • V = volume (m3)

  • n = moles

  • R = constant in data booklet

  • T = temperature (K)

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12

Combined Gas Law:

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 (remove whatever the question states is constant.)

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