AP Biology - Cell Cycle: Growth and Division

Cell Cycle

Sequence of events in a cell's life cycle

Cell Growth

Increase in cell size

Cell Division

Process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells

Reproduction

Process of producing offspring

Asexual Reproduction

Reproduction without the involvement of gametes

Repair & Renewal

Process of replacing cells that have died or been damaged

Centrioles

Pair of organelles that organize microtubules in cell division

Spindle Fibers

Protein fibers that guide chromosomes in mitosis

Cytokinesis

Division of the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells

Chromosomes

Structures made of Wound up DNA molecules that contain the genes

Mitosis

Process of dividing a cell's DNA between two daughter nuclei

Interphase

Phase of the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing

Prophase

Phase of mitosis when chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes

Metaphase

Phase of mitosis when chromosomes align along the middle of the cell

Anaphase

Phase of mitosis when sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

Telophase

Phase of mitosis when chromosomes arrive at opposite poles and daughter nuclei reform

Chromatin

Loosely packed DNA in the nucleus

G0 Phase

Phase of interphase when the cell is not actively preparing to divide

G1 Phase

Phase of interphase when the cell grows and carries out its normal functions

S Phase

Phase of interphase when DNA is synthesized and chromosomes are copied

G2 Phase

Phase of interphase when the cell prepares for division and produces organelles

DNA Synthesis

Process of copying DNA

Sister Chromatids

Two identical copies of a chromosome

Centromeres

Region of a chromosome where sister chromatids are held together

Homologous Chromosomes

Chromosomes that have the same genes in the same order

Kinetochores

Protein structures that form on the centromeres and attach to spindle fibers

Metaphase Plate

Imaginary plane where chromosomes align during metaphase

Anaphase

Phase of mitosis when sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

Motor Proteins

Proteins that move chromosomes along microtubules

Cytokinesis

Division of the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells

Actin

Protein that forms a constriction belt during cytokinesis in animal cells

Cleavage Furrow

Indentation that forms during cytokinesis in animal cells

Cell Plate

Structure that forms during cytokinesis in plant cells and it will become the cell wall

Binary Fission

Process of cell division in bacteria

Control of Cell Cycle

Regulation of the timing and progression of cell division