METABOLIC DISEASES

• biochemical processes occurring in living organism

• refers to the breakdown of food and transformation into energy

Metabolism

Main metabolic diseases in Horse

• Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS)

• Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID or Equine cushing disease)

• Exertional rhabdomyolysis

characterized by

• obesity or regional adiposity (fatty deposits)

• insulin resistance

• laminitis

Regional adiposity

• nuchal ligament (chest)

• tail head

• behind shoulder

• around sheath or mammary gland

to increase insulin sensitivity and promote weight loss

levotyhyroxine sodium

improve insulin sensitivity and decrease production of glucose in the liver

metformin

• Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) are more susceptible in

• Ponnies

• Arabians

• Warm-blooded horses

• Miniature horse

• Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) another name

Equine Cushing Disease

caused by lack of dopamine

• Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) (Equine Cushing Disease)

• responsible for production of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), one of which ACTH, responsible for production of cortisol

• ACTH production in pars intermedia is controlled by production of dopamine

Pars intermedia

cortisol

major stress hormone in most mammals

Classical signs- hirsutism (excessively thick, long and sometimes curly hair)

• Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) (Equine Cushing Disease)

• normal show decreased in cortisol,

• in PPID, cortisol remain elevated

administration of dexamethasone

acts on brains to cause release of dopamine, which acts on pars intermedia to decrease blood levels of ACTH and other hormone

Perglodine (dopamine antagonist)

acts on pars intermedia to decrease blood levels of ACTH and other hormone

Perglodine (dopamine antagonist)

a syndrome of muscle pain and cramping associated with exercise

tying up (Exertional rhadomyolysis)

Exertional rhadomyolysis other name

tying up

subclinical to severe massive muscle necrosis and renal failure due to myoglobinuria

tying up (Exertional rhadomyolysis)

Blood examination of tying up (Exertional rhadomyolysis)

• Creatine kinase (CK)

• ADT-SGOT

forms of Exertional Rhabdomyolysis

• Sporadic ER

• Chronic ER

Single episode or infrequent episodes

Sporadic ER

repeated episodes accompanied by increase muscle enzyme even with mild exertion

Chronic ER

a disease of horse occurring during exercise after a period of inactivity in full ration characterized by myoglobinuria and muscle degeneration

Paralytic myoglobinuria (Azoturia)

skeletal muscle necrosis caused by lactic acid resulting from anaerobic metabolism of muscle glycogen

Paralytic myoglobinuria (Azoturia)