NCE Theorists

Joe Kamiya, Neal Miller, and Barbara Brown

developed biofeedback studies

Menninger Clinic

clinic in Kansas that is a traditional psychoanalytic facility and has done landmark work in biofeedback

Arnold Gesell

Used a 1-way mirror for observing children. Felt that development I primarily determined through genetics, thus a child must be at a certain level before they can succeed in educational settings

John Bolwby

attachment theory

Margaret Mahler

A psychologist who described early development as a sequential process of separation of the child from the mother or primary caregiver

Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin

scrutinized studies of sex differences and found that relatively few existed that could not be explained away by simple social learning; females have greater verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability

Stanley Coopersmith

Found that child-rearing practices have impacts in self-esteem. Children who had the reasons for punishment explained to them and understood them were found to have higher self-esteem.

Eleanor Gibson

Visual cliff experiment in order to test for depth perception

Kurt Goldstein

Gestalt psychologist who emphasized a holistic model; organismic theorist

Robert Havinghurst

Believes children must master specific developmental tasks to develop normally

Jane Loevinger

A developmental psychologist who proposed 10 stages of ego development, which stressed the internalization of social norms and the maturing conscience in personality development.

Sandra Bem

She is a feminist psychologist known for developing the Gender schema theory in the 1980's.

Joseph Wolpe

Used classical conditioning theory in psychotherapy and introduced Systematic Desensitatization

Daniel Levinson

wrote Seasons of a Man's Life and Seasons of a Woman's Life. He viewed midlife crises as positive things

John Dollard & Neil Miller

The frustration aggression theory is associated with them

Emory Bogardus

Performed the Social Distance Scale study and found that people felt more socially distance from some categories than others.

Floyd Henry Allport

Created concept of social facilitation: the presence of other persons improves an individual's performance

McDougal and Ross

Published first textbooks on social psychology in 1908.

Jacobo Moreno

pioneered psychodrama & developed Group Therapy

Irving Yalom

Popularized existential therapy, a humanistic psychotherapy.

John Holland

stressed a person's occupational environment should be congruent with his personality type, hexagonal model

Anne Roe

Psychoanalytic Career Theory, postulated that jobs can compensate for unmet childhood needs/unconscious needs

Carl Jung

analytical psychology

Alfred Adler

individual psychology

T X Barber

espoused a cognitive theory of hypnotism

Andrew Salter

pioneer in behavior therapy, creating a paradigm dubbed 'conditioning reflex therapy', behavioral theory of hypnosis, and autohypnosis.

Stanley Schachter

affiliation research showed first borns and only children had a higher degree of a need to affiliate with others

Charles Osgood & Percy Tannenbaum

developed congruency theory

Josef Breuer

Physician who became Freud's close friend and coauthored Studies on Hysteria. He was the first to use the "talking cure"

A.A. Brill

Known for the impact Freudian therapy has on career choice.

Little Hans

Oedipus complex theory

Little Albert

Thorndike's instrumental conditioning

Anna O.

Often cited as the first psychoanalytic patient, she suffered from hysteria and was give hypnosis treatment which influenced Freud's psychoanalysis

Daniel Paul Schreber

spent 9 years in a mental hospital and wrote the book Memoirs of a Mental Patient

Rudolf Dreikurs

the first to discuss the use of group therapy in private practice

E.G. Williamson

trait-factor approach/Minnesota viewpoint, careers should match one's traits

Arnold Lazarus

Pioneer in behavior therapy movement, especially in systematic desensitization. Associated with multimodal therapy BASIC-ID

Neal Miller

demonstrated that animals could be conditioned to control autonomic processes. (heart rate, blood pressure)

Mary Cover Jones

"mother of behavior therapy"; used classical conditioning to help "Peter" overcome fear of rabbits

Robert Carkhuff

known for his 5 point scale measuring empathy, genuineness, concreteness, and respect.

Edward Jacobson

developed progressive relaxation training

T. G. Stampfl

created Implosive Therapy which takes place in the imagination.

Rollo May

Shared with humanists the belief in free will and freedom of choice but also emphasized loneliness, anxiety, and alienation

Irvin Yalom

existential psychologist, Group therapy: 10 guiding principles for group

Allen Ivey

suggests summarization at two or three points during each session and at the close of the session

Donald Meichenbaum

cognitive restructuring

Maxie Maultsby

the father of Rational Behavior Therapy RBT

Joseph Pratt (1905)

credited with establishing the first group experience. He used groups to save time in educating and supporting patients with TB

Tucker & Jensens Stages of Group Development

forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

Bandler and Grinder

NLP: neruolinguistic programming (NLP)

Edwin Bordin

emphasized unconscious processes in career choice and development; felt that career choices could be used to solve unconscious conflicts

J. O. Prochaska

transtheoretical model (TTM)

Jacob Moreno

invented psychodrama first coined the term 'group therapy'

Truax and Carkhuff

created a program to help counselors learn accurate empathy

Jesse B. Davis

first person to set up a systematized guidance program in the public schools and group career values

George Gazda

proposes a typology of 3 distinctive types of groups: guidance (psychoeducation), counseling, and psychotherapy (more problems present).

John Crites

Researched the phenomenon of "career maturity" or "vocational maturity"

Tiedman & O'Hara

Decision-Making Theory of career development

AA Brill

Emphasized sublimations an ego defense mechanism in career choice

Henry Gelatt

it refers to information as "the fuel of the decision" and that information can be divided into three categories 1) predicative 2) value 3) decision

John Krumboltz's Learning Theory of Career Counseling (LTCC)

social learning theory

Mark Savicka

career construction postmodern theory, narrative therapist

Linda Gottfredson

theory of circumscription and compromise, phase 1 & 2

Edgar H. Schein

eight career anchors theory

J.P. Guilford

Proposed that intelligence consists of 150 distinct abilities

S.S. Stevens

4 Measurement scales - NOIR, nominal, ordinal, interval ratio

Gerald Caplin

created category stages for consultation model

entry

diagnosis

implementation

evaluation

Proctor, Benefield, and Wrenn

wrote Workbook in Vocations

Norman Weiner

Cybernetics, feedback loops in families

Virginia Satir

conjoint family therapy

Salvador Minuchin

Structural Family Therapy: uses joining, enactment, boundary making, and mimesis techniques

Nathan Ackerman

The theory of psychodynamic family counseling

Peggy Papp

Greek Chorus method

James Framo

Believes that important objects (usually parents) often fuel love hate feelings in kids

Robin Skynner

Feels that kids who had poor role model as children posses protective systems. This simply means that such individuals harbor unrealistic expectation of people

Chole Madanes, Jay Haley, Milton Erickson

strategic therapy to create a specific plan

Murray Bowen

intergenerational family therapy which utilized genograms

Michael White, Cheryl White and David Epston

Narrative Therapists

Uri Bronfenbrenner

Outlined layers of environment (ecological) that effect a child's development, such as the child's own biology

Barnum / Forer Effect

likelihood that a person will believe a description of their personality given by a psychic

Virginia Axline

Created Child Centered Play Therapy

Richard Nelson Bolles

Wrote "What Color Is Your Parachute" Promoted the idea of securing a network of people who can help you with your job search

Steven C. Hayes

A leading figure in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT).