L3: Futurist Architecture

Futurism

• an artistic movement founded by the poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti

• (1909) The Manifesto of Futurism

• The movement attracted not only poets, musicians, and artists

• (Italy) Early-20th century form of architecture

• characterized by long dynamic lines, suggesting speed, motion, urgency and lyricism

Filippo Tommaso Marinetti

Founded the Manifesto of Futurism

Giacomo Matte-Trucco

• designed the Lingotto Factory (1923); was one of the main production plants of the FIAT car; today it is a multipurpose center

Antonio Sant’Elia

• Italian architect

• He left behind almost no completed works of architecture and is primarily remembered for his bold sketches and influence on modern architecture

• His vision consisted of Industrialized and mechanized city of the future

• Died of WW2

Angiolo Mazzoni

• the Squadra rialzo building (1935) which he designed has been called “the greatest masterpiece of Futurist-Constructivist Modern architecture”

Squadra rialzo building

• the _____ building (1935) designed by Agiolo Mazzoni has been called “the greatest masterpiece of Futurist-Constructivist Modern architecture”

CIAM

Congres Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne

Congres Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne (CIAM)

• Founded in Switzerland in 1928

• An association of architects who wanted to advance modernism into an international setting.

1. Dwelling

2. Work

3. Transportation

4. Recreation

CIAM's four functional categories:

Team X, CIAM

“Belonging is a basic emotional need”

“From belonging — identity becomes the enriching sense of neighborliness”

Metabolism

“We regard human society as a vital process—a continuous development from atom to nebula.”

shinchintaisha

Metabolism

Metabolism

• Buildings are like living organisms > they should be able to morph over time

Kenzo Tange

“... architects have a special duty and mission… [to contribute] to the socio-cultural development of architecture and urban planning.”

Kenzo Tange

• Combined traditional Japanese styles with modernism

• Influenced from an early age by the Swiss modernist Le Corbusier

• Won the competition for the design of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park

• Deisgned the Yamanashi Press and Broadcasting Center

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park

First post war architectural structure which was highly appraised internationally, this was designed by kenzo tange

Kisho Kurokawa

• Most famous for Nakagin Capsule Tower in Ginza (demolished)

• Studied under Tange at UTokyo

• (2007) Founded the Anaheim University Kisho Kurokawa Green Institute, which helps to develop environmentally-conscious business practices

Nakagin Capsule Tower

• designed by Kisho Kurokawa

Capsule House K

• Kurokawa’s own villa designed as a metabolic buildings with the concept of capsule replacement in the future

Takara Cotillion Beautillion

Designed by Kurakawa, it rceied muhc praise from critics

Kiyonori Kikutake

“Contrary to the architecture of the past, contemporary architecture must be capable of responding to the changing needs of the contemporary era.”

Kiyonori Kikutake

• Japan Academy of Architecture Prize (1970)

• UIA (Union Internationale des Architectes) Auguste Perret Prize (1978).

• Best known for “Marine City” project which consists of a Floating Structure and the Linear Ocean City

• Edo-Tokyo Museum

Marine City

by Kiyonori Kikutake, are the first and most influential proposals to build ‘Megastructures’ into the sea after the dissolution of C.I.A.M.

Brutalism

• an expressionist style of the International Style advocated by Le Corbusier and his fellow architects Mies van dar Rohe and Frank Lloyd Wright, that opted for functionalismy while producing sculptural shapes of raw unfinished concrete.

New Brutalism

• This term came about after being inspired by the Brutalist architecture of Le Corbusier.

Postwar Architecture

• ____ rebuilding = lack of resources (materials and of funding)

• Buildings produced were practical, affordable, quick to produce, and maximized the use of materials.

• Efficiently mass-produce designs.

• Buildings were a sensible solution, but they also tended to be dull, monotonous, and uninspiring.

• Elevated birth rates = housing boom

• Need for more socially inclined building type

Reyer Banham

He defined Brutalist Architecture as having:

1. Memorability as an image

2. Clear exhibition of structure

3. Valuation of materials as found

Brutalism

• brings out the raw beauty of the materials, especially concrete and brick in their own natural state, unpainted and unembellished.

New Brutalism

• the re-emergence of brutalist architecture in later contemporary period