CPCE Exam Prep

Extinction

behavioral technique of ignoring a behavior until the individual or group stops engaging in that behavior. This technique is often used in behavior modification to reduce undesirable behaviors.

Testing

it can often help to predict the client’s future performance in educational, training, or workplace settings. Can also help clients to make decisions about their educational or occupational futures.

Standard error of measurement SEM

is a statistic that provides an estimate of the amount of error in an observed test score, indicating the range within which the true score is likely to fall. It can help determine the range where a test score falls. Every test that is given has its own unique _____ value.

Methamphetamine

if a client with substance abuse disorder states he has been using “glass,” the counselor should understand that the client is referring to ____.

Minuchin

Structural family therapy that is family is made up of subsystems that have boundaries between them.

boundaries; disengagement; enmeshment

In Minuchin’s structural family therapy, there are _______ between family subsystems; if these are too rigid, they lead to __________, and if they are too diffuse, they can lead to ___________.

attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation

Albert Bandura’s theory posits that the following conditions must be met for social learning to occur…

Activating event, Beliefs, Consequences, Disputation, Effect

Rational-emotive behavior five-stem ABCDE stands for

Group process

involves looking beyond someone’s words and instead observing the person’s behavior within a group.

Adlerian counseling

includes the lack of a firm research base; the vagueness of many of his terms and concepts and lack of “how-to” counseling instructions; and the inherent narrowness of his approach

Inherited intellectual abilities: He proposed that intelligence is largely hereditary, emphasizing the role of genetics in intellectual capabilities.

what idea is Francis Galton known for?

Create a fear ladder

If a client with OCD is undergoing Exposure and Response Prevention therapy and the client has established a goal of being able to go into a store to shop for groceries, which of the following is the next step for the client?

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (Ellis)

Pat’s therapist tells her that “self-talk” and “crooked thinking” cause emotional disturbances. He believes we all have the potential to think rationally. He uses techniques like role-playing and imagery to help Pat work through some of her issues. He also follows an A-B-C-D-E system. Pat’s therapist believes that we are not influenced by the events we experience, but by our interpretation of them. Pat’s therapist subscribes to which of these therapeutic approaches?

ANCOVA

this test is used when the influence of an independent variable or variables upon a dependent variable is statistically controlled. is used to compare one or more means while controlling for the effects of other continuous variables.

Factorial ANOVA

This statistical test is used to examine the effects of two or more independent variables on a dependent variable, allowing for interaction effects between the variables.

Free Association

a fundamental rule of psychoanalysis and is meant to bring unconscious material into conscious awareness. Client is encouraged to say whatever comes into his mind.

It shows the number of times a particular value occurs

What does a frequency distribution do?

frequency distribution

presents data in a way that one can see how often a particular value occurs

Reframing

Client: “My dad is constantly nagging me about homework and college applications. It’s too much.” Counselor: “It sounds like your dad is invested in your success.” This is an example of:

Individual psychotherapy

A client comes to a counselor because her house recently burned down and her husband has left her. She is depressed, and expresses suicidal ideation. Which of the following would the counselor consider?

Intellectual disability

A second-grader falls behind her classmates, particularly in the areas of abstract thinking, reasoning, expressions of empathy, and social judgement. A likely diagnosis for this student is: reactive attachment disorder, social anxiety, or intellectual disability

1976

When did the State of Virginia pass the first general practice counselor licensure law?

the concept of the Johari window

Developed by Luft and Ingham, _________ asserts that there are four parts to the personality: the public self, the blind self, the private self, and the unknown self.

Unconscious

Freud believed that anxiety, unacceptable urges, and aggressive impulses are kept in one’s:

id, ego, and superego

exist in the unconscious according to Freud

id

unconscious source of all innate needs, emotional impulses, and desires

Ego

the reality principle, analyses complex perceptions (things, ideas, dreams)

superego

reflects the internalization of cultural rules, mainly as absorbed from parents and general cultural ethos

Caplan

mental health consultation model

Bandura

social learning consultation model

Bergan

behavioral consultation model

halo effect

the tendency to generalize about a person based on one trait

placebo effect

when an ineffective or inert substance is given to participants and participants report positive changes due the simple belief that they were given something that would cause improvement

Rosenthal effect

suggests that the researcher’s beliefs impact the outcome of an experiment

Hawthorne effect

the tendency for participants to change their behavior just because they are participants in a research study

managing impulses and regulating emotions

the prefrontal cortex is responsible for…

Adler and Rudolph Dreikurs

proponents of individual psychology

Carl Rogers

client-centered or person-centered therapy was developed by ______ and includes concepts such as the process of becoming, therapeutic relationship, unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy.

Fritz and Laura Perls

Gestalt therapy was proposed by

Eric Berne

Transactional analysis was pioneered by

First born

A client, from a family of six children, is extremely conservative and responsible but suffers from feelings of inferiority. According to Alder’s birth-order theory, which place in the family si this client likely to reside?

eliminating or changing a client’s undesirable behavior

behavior therapies focus on…

unconscious thoughts and the origins of the reason behind the behaviors

psychoanalysts focus on

cognitive

a client wants to understand why she continues to bite her nails. the counselor asks her questions to determine her thoughts before, after, and during her episodes of nail biting. What type of therapy is being utilized?

regression toward the mean

expresses the fact that if an individual scores very high or very low on a pretest, that individual is likely to earn a score closer to the mean on the posttest.

existentialism

__________ is a humanist approach that emphasizes the tragic aspects of life, the burden of responsibility, and the need to face the inevitability of death.

psychoanalysis

looks at bringing what is unconscious to the conscious level

CRAFFT

what is the most appropriate tool for screen children and adolescents under age 21 for drug and alcohol use?

there is a wide range of scores

a confounded study is one in which

exaggeration; absence

Active symptoms of schizophrenia involve an _________ of thought processes; passive symptoms involve the __________ of normal traits and abilities.

displaced homemaker

someone who has been out of the workforce for a period of time and is now having difficulty finding suitable employment.

agoraphobia

client’s feelings of unease while outside the hime, and a relative ease while in the home setting.

David Tiedeman is to Erik Erikson

John Krumboltz is to Albert Bandura as:

Alfred Adler

Which early theorist engaged in group therapy?

Erikson

believed that one’s personality continued to develop throughout one’s entire lifetime

Freud

believed personality stopped developing after late adolescence or early adulthood

antisocial personality disorder

children who are diagnosed with conduct disorder at a young age (preteen) are most at risk for which of the following personality disorders as adults?

Gestalt therapy

Its focus is on challenging clients to become more self-aware and face their problems

Bipolar disorder

A client arrives complaining of feeling restless. She describes mood swings and times of hopelessness followed by periods of high energy and creativity in which she can go for days without sleep. What is her likely diagnosis?

Bipolar disorder

manifests itself with alternating periods of depressed and elevated mood

inform the client of the limitations of testing

when administering tests to a client, the counselor should always:

adolescent’s stage of development

Piaget: formal operational, Erikson: identity versus role confusion, Freud: genital stage

Authoritarian

parenting style that uses coercive techniques and psychological control to discipline children

authoritative

parenting style that emphasizes some control but allows for some independence

permissive

parenting style where parents are typically overindulgent with the child, they exert very little control and are lenient when it coms to granting independence to the child.

concreteness

what is not one of the strengths or benefits of Rogerian counseling?

contemplation stage

stage, beginning to consider making a change. In this stage, clients are aware that they have a problem but are unsure if they want to change, or if they are even capable of making a change.

precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance

what are the linear stages of the transtheoretical model (TTM)

precontemplation

what stage in the TTM is there a lack of awareness of behaviors that may require change

preparation

what stage in the TTM does the clients acknowledge the detrimental consequences of their behavior and get read to make a change

action

what stage in the TTM are changes actually made?

maintenance

what stage in the TTM do individuals take the action steps required to sustain change

Haley’s strategic family therapy

this therapy focuses on how families use or abuse power, how they fail to communicate effectively and clearly, and how symptom serves as a protection against something that is painful

muscle dysmorphia

this disorder occurs almost exclusively in males and involves excessive exercise, weight lifting, and diet as well as use of anabolic steroids even though severe health problems may result

hopelessness

research suggest which to be the most common predictor of suicidal intent?

observed behavior modification and compliance

what are the two primary determinants of educational effectiveness?

Caplan

Which name is associated with mental health consultation?

Satir

is a well-known family therapist

Holland

associated with career counseling

Specification

Super’s developmental approach to careers: age 18-21

crystallization

Super’s developmental approach to careers: age 14-18

implementation

Super’s developmental approach to careers: age 21-24

stabilization

Super’s developmental approach to careers: 24-35

consolidation

Super’s developmental approach to careers: age 35 onward

Erik Erikson

the term “identity crisis” originated with which theorist?

standard deviation

describes the variability within a distribution of scores and is basically the mean of all the deviations from the mean

variance

the square of the standard deviation

cultural encapsulation

counselors who show respect and acceptance for diversity embrace and promote:

reliability

a test producing the same results from one time to another is to a test measuring:

delusion of reference

client believes everything in the environment references him/her

delusion of persecution

client believes other intend to harm him/her

delusion of control

client believes other people or objects control her actions

delusion of grandeur

client believes he/she is an important person or being, such as God

personality test

what is the MMPI-II?

triangulated

the family power structure is out of balance, but what is happening is that some of the family members are forming an unhealthy coalition against another family member

enmeshment

occurs when there is a diffusion of boundaries within a family

parent-child interaction therapy

A preschool student is disruptive in teh classroom, refuses to follow directions, and has disrupted two previous daycare placements. Which developmentally appropriate intervention would best target this student’s behavior?

how people are supposed to act

a cultural norm refers to:

harm reduction

If a client who is a pathological gambler insists to the counselor and to his spouse that he can control his gambling by limiting the time spent at the casino and the dollar amount he spends each week, which of the following approaches to treatment for process addiction is the client advocating?

Ackerman; Minuchin

psychoanalytic family therapy is to ____________ as structural family therapy is to ____________.