Chapter 4

Protists

may have contractile vacuole which pump excess water.

Chromatin

long fibers of DNA attached to proteins.

Robert Hooke

Who discovered cells in 1665.

Chloroplast

are found in plants and some protists.

ribosomes

Nucleolus- where ________ are made.

Nucleus

is the cells genetic control center.

Surface

protects, supports and joins cells.

DNA

Contains the ________ that directs the cells activities.

small cell

A(n) ________ has a greater ratio of a surface area to volume than a large cell of teh same shape.

Plant cells

________ are supported by rigid cell walls made of cellulose.

vacuole

The ________ has lysosomal and storage functions.

Tight junctions

________ can bind cells together into leak proof sheets.

Chloroplast

________ convert solar energy to chemical energy in sugars.

Chromatin

long fibers of DNA attached to proteins

Nucleolus

where ribosomes are made

Plant cell

large central vacuole

endomembrane system

Participates in the manufcature, distribution and breakdown of materials

Energy converting organelles

Mitochondria in all eukaryotic cells and chloroplasts in plant cells function in energy processing

Cytoskeleton and cell surfaces

Provides, support, motility and functional connections

Plasma membrane

Membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier to the passage of ions and molecules into an out of the cell; consists of phospholipid belayers and embedded proteins

Nucleus and ribosomes

Cells genetic instructions are housed in the nucleus and carried out by the ribosomes

Light microscope

An optical instrument with lenses that refract visible light to magnify images and project them into a viewers eye or onto photographic film

Electron microscope

A microscope that uses magnets to focus an electron beam through or onto he surface of a specimen an electron microscope achieves a hundred fold greater resolution than a light microscope

Transmission electron microscope

Microscope that uses an electron beam to study internal structure of thinly sectioned specimens

Cell theory

Theory that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells, bacteria, fungi and some protists; protect the cell and helps maintain it' s shape

Ribosomes

Small organelle that produces proteins.Told which types of proteins to make according to they cell they reside in

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Composed of flat sacs/tubes that package proteins and transport materials throughout the cytoplasm. Gets rid of waste.

Rough ER

When ribosomes attach themselves to the outside of the ER

Prokaryotic cell

Type of cell lacking a membrane enclosed nucleus and other membrane enclosed organelles; found in only the domains Bacteria and Archaea

Nucleoid

A non membrane bounded region in prokaryotic cells where DNA is concentrated

Flagella

Long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion

Eukaryotic cells

Type of cell that has a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles; all organisms except bacteria and archaea are composed of these cells

Cytosol

Mostly made of water. In cytoplasm

Cytoplasm

Jellylike substance where all organelles float. (Road system/cushion of cell)

Chromosones

A gene carrying structure found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and in most visible during mitosis and meiosis; also the main gene carrying structure of a prokaryotic cell. Consists of one very long DNA molecule associated proteins

What are the principles that make up a cell?

1. They make up organisms
2. The cell is the basic unit of life
3. Every new cell comes prom a pre existing cell

What are the functions of a organelle?

1. Produce energy
2. Make new proteins
3. Destroy and digest objects

What are in animal cells?

Cytoplasm, nucleolus, nucleus, mitochondria, lysosome, nuclear membrane, Golgi bodies, ribosomes, small vacuole, e.r

cell membrane

Outer boundary of the cell, semipermeable, flexible giving the cell the ability to stretch

Golgi Bodies

Temporarily stores, packages and transports materials through and out of the cell. Works closely with ER

Lysosomes

A sac that contains ENZYMES that break down any kind of food, cell waste or destroyed foreign organisms. (Digestive system)

Vacuole

Storing water and nutrients until the cell needs them. Small in animal cell, big in plant cell

Mitochrondria

oxygen and sugars from food react in a series of chemical reactions to create energy. Power house of the cell.show up in various amounts due to cell type.

Nucelus

Holds the information needed to conduct most of the cells functions. In a healthy cell, contains chromatin. Contains nucleolus.

Chromatin

Tightly wound strands on DNA

nuclear membrane

Similar to cell membrane, semipermeable. Has 2 layers instead of 1 providing more protection.

Nucelolus

Creates RNA.

Plant cells have what that animal cells don' t have

Lysosomes, cell wall, chloroplast

cell wall

Outside cell membrane. Cells " shield". Semipermeable

Cellulose

Carbohydrate in cell wall

Chloroplast

Natural solar panels. Use sunlight to create chemical energy/glucose through photosynthesis.

Which is more complex, plants or animal cells?

Animals

What is more complex prokaryotic cells or eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic