Indigenous rights

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Indigenous rights in English speaking countries

Last updated 9:46 AM on 6/27/26
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44 Terms

1
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What are Indigenous peoples
They are the original inhabitants of territories later colonised by European settlers.
2
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What are the main Indigenous groups in the anglophone world
Native Americans in the US; First Nations, Inuit and Métis in Canada; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia; Māori in New Zealand.
3
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What do Indigenous rights mainly involve
Land ownership, political representation, language preservation, cultural recognition and historical justice.
4
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What were the main consequences of colonisation for Indigenous peoples
Warfare, forced displacement, diseases, land dispossession and cultural suppression.
5
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What does assimilation mean
It means forcing Indigenous peoples to abandon their culture, language and traditions to adopt the dominant colonial culture.
6
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What was the Indian Removal Act
A US law signed by Andrew Jackson in 1830 allowing the federal government to relocate Native American tribes.
7
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Who signed the Indian Removal Act and when
Andrew Jackson signed it in 1830.
8
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What was the consequence of the Indian Removal Act
Thousands of Native Americans were forced to leave their ancestral lands.
9
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What was the Trail of Tears
The forced migration of Native American tribes, especially the Cherokee, between 1830 and 1850.
10
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Which groups were affected by the Trail of Tears
The Five Civilised Tribes, including the Cherokee.
11
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How many Native Americans were displaced during the Trail of Tears
About 60,000 Native Americans.
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Why did many people die during the Trail of Tears
They died from disease, hunger and exhaustion.
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What were Canadian residential schools
Boarding schools where Indigenous children were sent to be assimilated into Euro-Canadian society.
14
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What was the objective of residential schools
To assimilate Indigenous children and separate them from their families, languages and cultures.
15
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When did the last residential school close in Canada
1996.
16
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Why do residential schools still matter today
Because they caused intergenerational trauma that still affects Indigenous communities.
17
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What was the Indian Act
A Canadian law passed in 1876 giving the federal government extensive control over First Nations.
18
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Why is the Indian Act controversial
Because it restricted Indigenous autonomy and regulated many aspects of Indigenous life.
19
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What happened to the Indian Act in 1951
It was amended, and some Indigenous traditions were no longer banned.
20
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What happened to the Indian Act in 1985
It restored Indian status to many women and descendants who had lost it through discriminatory rules.
21
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What was section 67 of the Canadian Human Rights Act
A provision that limited First Nations people’s access to human rights complaints.
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When was section 67 repealed
2008.
23
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What is the Assembly of First Nations
A major Indigenous political organisation in Canada founded in 1982.
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What does the Assembly of First Nations represent
More than 600 First Nations communities across Canada.
25
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What does the AFN advocate for
Greater Indigenous autonomy, stronger governance and recognition of First Nations jurisdiction.
26
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Why is Greenland important for Indigenous rights
It is recognised as the Indigenous land of the Inuit people.
27
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What does the Greenland Self-Government Act of 2009 affirm
It affirms that the people of Greenland are a people under international law with the right of self-determination.
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What does Greenland’s 2023 draft constitution say
It states that Inuit are the Indigenous People of the country.
29
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What was terra nullius
The colonial doctrine claiming that Australia belonged to nobody before British colonisation.
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Why was terra nullius used
It was used to justify British colonisation by ignoring Aboriginal societies and land rights.
31
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What were the Stolen Generations
Aboriginal children removed from their families during much of the twentieth century to be assimilated into white Australian society.
32
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What was the Mabo Decision
A 1992 High Court decision that rejected terra nullius and recognised Indigenous land rights.
33
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Why is the Mabo Decision important
It is one of the most important legal victories for Indigenous Australians.
34
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What is the Treaty of Waitangi
An 1840 treaty signed between Māori chiefs and the British Crown.
35
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Why is the Treaty of Waitangi controversial
Because the English and Māori versions differ: Māori leaders thought they were sharing authority, while the British saw it as a transfer of sovereignty.
36
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Why does the Treaty of Waitangi still matter today
It remains central to debates about land claims, education, political representation and Māori rights.
37
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What was the Treaty Principles Bill
A 2024 bill proposed by the ACT party to redefine the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi.
38
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Why was the Treaty Principles Bill controversial
Supporters claimed it promoted equality, while opponents said it weakened Māori protections and decades of treaty-based rights.
39
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Who is Hana-Rāwhiti Maipi-Clarke
A young MP from Te Pāti Māori who became an international figure for Indigenous rights.
40
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What did Hana-Rāwhiti Maipi-Clarke do in November 2024
She tore up a copy of the Treaty Principles Bill and led a haka in the New Zealand Parliament.
41
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What was Hīkoi mō te Tiriti
A major protest march in November 2024 defending the Treaty of Waitangi and Māori rights.
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How many people gathered in Wellington during Hīkoi mō te Tiriti
About 42,000 people gathered in front of Parliament.
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What happened to the Treaty Principles Bill in April 2025
It was rejected by Parliament.
44
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What was the vote on the Treaty Principles Bill in April 2025

112 votes against and 11 votes in favour.