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The process of copying a gene's DNA sequence into a sequence of RNA is called
A) replication.
B) transcription.
C) translation.
D) PCR.
B) transcription.
The transcribing enzyme is
A) ligase.
B) DNA polymerase.
C) RNA polymerase.
D) amino-acyl transferase.
C) RNA polymerase.
Which molecule contains the genetic code?
A) DNA
B) mRNA
C) tRNA
D) rRNA
B) mRNA
Transcription occurs along a ____ template forming an mRNA in the ____ direction.
A) 5' to 3'; 5' to 3'
B) 5' to 3'; 3' to 5'
C) 3' to 5'; 5' to 3'
D) 3' to 5'; 3' to 5'
C) 3' to 5'; 5' to 3'
The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain comprises the ____ structure of the protein.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
A) primary
Transfer RNA's bind during translation by the
A) codon.
B) anticodon.
C) template.
B) anticodon.
Of the ____ different possible codons, ____ specify amino acids and ____ signal stop.
A) 20, 17, 3
B) 180, 20, 60
C) 64, 61, 3
D) 61, 60, 1
C) 64, 61, 3
RNA contains which bases?
A) adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
B) adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
C) thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
D) adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
D) adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
Which of the following statements is true regarding introns?
A) Introns are the parts of mRNA that are translated.
B) Introns have no function.
C) In general, human genes have fewer introns than genes of other organisms.
D) Introns may be involved in exon shuffling.
D) Introns may be involved in exon shuffling.
A geneticist isolates a gene for a specific trait under study. She also isolates the corresponding mRNA. Upon comparison, the mRNA is found to contain 1,000 fewer bases than the DNA sequence. Did the geneticist isolate the wrong DNA?
A) yes, mRNA is made from a DNA template and should be the same length as the gene sequence
B) yes, the mRNA should contain more bases than the DNA sequence because bases flanking the gene are also transcribed
C) no, the final mRNA contains only exons, the introns were removed
D) no, the mRNA was partially degraded after it was transcribed
C) no, the final mRNA contains only exons, the introns were removed
The template strand of DNA for one gene may be the coding strand of DNA for another gene.
A) True
B) False
A) True
During translation, the ____ site within the ribosome hold the growing amino acid chain while the ____ site holds the next amino acid to be added to the chain.
A) A, P
B) P, A
C) A, B
D) B, A
B) P, A
The amino acid structure of a polypeptide chain determines its ____ structure.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
A) primary
A certain species of plants has four unlinked genetic loci, W, X, Y and Z. A plant has the following genotype: WwXxYyZz. What is the probability that the plant produces a haploid genotype of Wxyz?
.6250
11. PKU is a disease caused by an autosomal recessive disease. Two individuals are carrier. What is the chance that none of their children will have the disease?
3/4
What is the significance of a nearly universal genetic code with respect to evolution?
The nearly universal nature of the genetic code strongly supports the theory that all life evolved from a common ancestor.