Comm 2100 Test #2: Radio & Music

Narrowcasting

Media programming on cable TV or the Internet that is focused on one topic and aimed at a particular audience. Examples include MTV, ESPN, and C-SPAN

FCC

Regulates the television and radio industry, grants licenses to television and radio stations, and blocks monopolies

Payola

occurs when record companies give bribes to DJs to get their records played

A&R

The talent scouts of the music business, who discover, develop, and sometimes manage artists. They seek out and listen to demos, from new artists and decide who they want to sign and what songs they want to record

radio waves

the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that consists of waves with the lowest frequencies

broadcasting

the transmission of radio waves or TV signals to a broad public audience

3 standards radio established

the technology used to broadcast, patterns of ownership, and regulation of broadcasts by FCC & government

1st commercial broadcast

KDKA Pittsburgh 1920

adaptation after TV

It became a local medium, covered local news with local sponsors, became music centered, and developed close ties with the recording industry

1996 Telecommunications Act & Radio Ownership

allowed ownership of multiple broadcast stations as long as those stations did not reach more than 35 percent of the market

2 effects of deregulation

allowed for cross-medium ownership and increased ownership limits

# of stations per market in 1996

8 per market

effects of consolidation of ownership

Radio is no longer a truly local medium, greater self-censorship from corporate of local talent and playlists and greater ability to explicitly censor local playlists because of an artist and their views

Clear Channel Memo

It was a memo that banned or discouraged over 158 songs

The Dixie Chicks example

2003. said they were ashamed the President was from TX, radio companies have the power to censor artists if they don't like something they do/or say

The Minot, North Dakota example

a train wrecked and spilled ammonia. The radio station was locally owned and so they couldn't warn people. It demonstrated that radio cannot be relied on as a local medium anymore

listening habits pre tv

Listened during PrimeTime things such as the World Series, Addresses made by the Presidents', and H.G. Wells' "War of The Worlds"

Internet Radio Impact

An explosion of music diversity, you can have your own station depending on what artist you want and your interests

subscription, streaming, and owning music

Radio listeners, people who buy and own their own music, and the last is the music you "rent" where you subscribe and listen to anything you want, but you don't own the music outright