structure and bonding

Ionic Bonding

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Giant Ionic Lattice

A continuous structure in three dimensions formed of cations and anions arranged in a regular pattern.

Electrostatic Attractions

Strong attractions between positive and negative ions present in ionic compounds.

Delocalised Electrons

Electrons that are free to move throughout a metallic structure, allowing metals to conduct electricity.

Simple Molecular Structure

A 3D structure held together by weak intermolecular forces, often resulting in low melting points.

Giant Covalent Lattice

A structure where atoms are bonded together by numerous strong covalent bonds in a repeating pattern.

Electrical Conductivity

The ability of a material to conduct electricity, which depends on the presence of mobile charge carriers

Bond Strength

Refers to the strength of the attractions between particles in different types of structures, affecting melting and conductivity.

Conductivity of Ionic Compounds

can conduct electricity when molten or in solution due to the mobility of ions.

Properties of Metals

high melting points

good electrical conductivity due to strong metallic bonding and delocalised electrons.

Weak Intermolecular Forces

Forces that hold simple molecular structures together, generally resulting in lower melting points than ionic or covalent compounds.

Mobile Charge Carriers

Charged entities, such as ions in ionic compounds or delocalised electrons in metals, that enable conductivity.

Acid

A substance that donates protons (H+) in a chemical reaction.

Base

A substance that accepts protons (H+) in a chemical reaction or produces hydroxide ions (OH-).

Salt

An ionic compound formed from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base.

Metallic Bonding

A type of chemical bonding that occurs in metals, characterized by a sea of delocalized electrons.

Dative Covalent Bond

A bond in which both shared electrons come from the same atom, also known as a coordinate bond.

Lone Pair

A pair of valence electrons that are not involved in bonding.

Bonding Pair

A pair of electrons that are shared between two atoms in a covalent bond.